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Health Assessment > Ch 15 > Flashcards

Ch 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

CN I - olfactory
CN II - optic
CN III - oculomotor
CN IV - trochlear
CN V - trigeminal
CN VI - abducens
CN VII - facial
CN VIII - acoustic
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
CN X - vagus
CN XI - spinal accessory
CN XII - hypoglossal

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2
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

31 pairs, emerge from different segments of spinal cord

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3
Q

Reflex Arc

A

accessed by observing muscle movement in response to stimuli

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4
Q

Broca’s Area

A

formation of words (left frontal lobe)

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5
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

comprehension of spoken and written word (left parietal lobe)

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6
Q

Motor Cortex

A

contained in frontal lobes

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7
Q

Somesthetic (sensory) Cortex

A

contained in parietal lobes

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8
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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9
Q

Dysphasia

A

difficulty communicating

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10
Q

Aphasia

A

absent language function

receptive - inability to comprehend speech of others and self

expressive - inability to communicate or translate ideas into meaningful speech or writing

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11
Q

Stereognosis

A

ability to recognize objects by touch

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12
Q

Graphesthesia

A

ability to recognize symbols, numbers, or letters traced on skin

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13
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

plantar reflex

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14
Q

Aura

A

involves sensations before something happens (ex: seizures)

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15
Q

Stroke signs and symptoms

A

paralysis in arm/leg
unilateral numbness or weakness of face/arm/leg
trouble walking
dizziness
loss of balance or coordination
sudden confusion
dysphagia
dysphagia/aphasia
partial loss of vision

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16
Q

Stroke risk factors

A

age
gender
family history
race
tobacco use
alcohol
unhealthy diet
physical inactivity
high BP
high blood cholesterol
diabetes
obesity
previous CVAs
heart disease
sickle cell disease

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17
Q

Frontal Lobe function

A

decision-making
problem-solving
ability to concentrate
short term memory

emotions, affect, drive, awareness of self and autonomic responses related to emotions

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18
Q

Temporal Lobe function

A

perception and interpretation of sounds

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19
Q

Cerebellum function

A

balance
coordination
equilibrium
muscle tone

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20
Q

Parietal Lobe function

A

receives and processes sensory input

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21
Q

Occipital Area function

A

interprets visual images

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22
Q

Medulla Oblongata function

A

reflex centers for controlling involuntary functions such as:
breathing
sneezing
swallowing
coughing
vomiting
vasoconstriction

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23
Q

If you have a lesion on the right side of your frontal/parietal lobe, what side will you experience the abnormalities?

A

left side (they cross in the medulla)

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24
Q

Proprioception

A

body awareness of position

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25
Q

Levels of Spinal Nerves

A

Breakfast at Eight - cervical 8
Lunch at Twelve - Thoracic 12
Dinner at Five - Lumbar, Sacral 5 each

last is at coccygeal area

26
Q

What is the purpose of a dermatome?

A

to help see where spinal nerves affect in the body

27
Q

Where does the initial response from stimuli come from?

A

spine, brain can override the response after

28
Q

Reflex Arc Scale

A

0 - no response
1+ - less than normal response
2+ - normal reflex reaction
3+ - slightly more than normal response
4+ - clonus (hyperreactive)

29
Q

Positive Results of Babinski Tests Based on Age

A

4 and up: curl toes
4 and under: flail/spread toes

30
Q

What does alcohol do to your pain tolerance?

A

increase it

31
Q

What can recreational drugs do to your nervous system?

A

slow down or speed up depending on the drug

32
Q

What is a spinal headache caused by?

A

leak in spinal column (lumbar puncture)

33
Q

What could dizziness or lightheadedness be caused by?

A

an issue w/ the cerebellum

34
Q

Grand Maul Seizure

A

worst kind of seizure

unconscious/ jolting

35
Q

Resting Tremors

A

tremors that are worst at rest

36
Q

Essential / Intention Tremors

A

tremors while moving/doing something

37
Q

What is the earliest and most sensitive indication of altered cerebral function?

A

change in level of consciousness

38
Q

Olfactory CN function/assessment

A

controls sense of smell

ask about altered taste/smell

39
Q

Optic CN function/assessment

A

controls central and peripheral vision

snellen chart, peripheral vision, etc

40
Q

Oculomotor CN function/assessment

A

controls pupillary constriction

PERRLA

41
Q

Trochlear CN function/assessment

A

moves eyes down toward the end of the nose

move finger towards nose and have pt follow

42
Q

Trigeminal CN function/assessment

A

covers forehead, cheek, jaw

test for sensation, test for strength by having pt open mouth

43
Q

Abducens CN function/assessment

A

controls eye movement to the sides

6 cardinal fields of gaze

44
Q

Facial CN function/assessment

A

controls facial movements and expression

assess for facial symmetry / wrinkle forehead, close eyes, smile

45
Q

Acoustic CN function/assessment

A

controls hearing

finger rub/whisper

46
Q

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus CN function/assessment

A

innervate the tongue and throat (pharynx and larynx)

say “ahhhhh” and watch for soft palate to rise
uvula should be midline
may assess gag reflex

47
Q

Spinal Accessory CN function/assessment

A

controls neck and shoulders movement

test shoulder strength and turning of head

48
Q

Hypoglossal CN function/assessment

A

innervates the tongue

stick out tongue and move from side to side

49
Q

Romberg Test

A

feet together, arms at side, eyes open/closed

tests for balance

50
Q

Decorticate Posturing

A

flexor

arms like “Cs” moves in toward the “cord”

problems with cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphere

51
Q

Decerebrate Posturing

A

extensor

arms like “Es” move out

problems with midbrain or pons

more fatal posture

52
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

3 - 15 points

3: in a coma
15: alert and oriented x4

53
Q

transient ischemic accident (TIA)

A

mini stroke

when cerebral blood vessels become occluded by thrombus or embolus, brain tissues become ischemic, resulting in CVA or stroke

54
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

weak area in vessel in brain that ruptures

when intracranial hemorrhage occurs, edema, distortion, and displacement irritates brain tissue

can be caused by hypertension or cerebral aneurysm

55
Q

Cerebral Aneurysm

A

weakened area in an artery that balloons out due to high pressure of blood

56
Q

Pronator Drift

A

assesses arm strength

hold arms out in front w/ palms up

watch for an arm to drift down

57
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges that surround brain and spinal cord

58
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

progressive demyelination of nerve fibers of brain and spinal cord

59
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain tissue and meninges caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites; viral encephalitis most common

60
Q

Spinal Cord Injury above C4 leads to…

A

paralysis of respiratory muscles and all four extremities

61
Q

Where does paralysis start with a spinal cord injury?

A

paralysis below the level of injury

62
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

develops slowly as brain’s dopamine-producing neurons in substantial nigra of basal ganglia degenerate; second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease

Health Assessment (10 decks)

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