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Health Assessment > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Palpebral Fissure

A

opening between the eyelids

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2
Q

Conjuctivae

A

two thin, transparent mucous membranes lie between the eyelids and the eyeball

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3
Q

Sclera

A

tough, fibrous outer layer; “white of the eye”

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4
Q

Cilia

A

nasal hairs; trap airborne particles and prevent them from the lungs

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5
Q

Turbinates

A

concha; line lateral walls of nasal cavity, providing large surface area of nasal musosa for heat and water exchange

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6
Q

Salivary Glands

A

parotid, sublingual, submandibular; release saliva through small openings (ducts) in response to presence of food

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7
Q

Oropharynx

A

located at the back of mouth; includes uvula, anterior and posterior pillars, tonsils, and posterior pharyngeal wall

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8
Q

Larynx

A

voice box; lies just below pharynx and just above trachea; passageway for air (into trachea) and allows vocalization with vocal cords

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9
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

tiny oval clumps of lymphatic tissue, usually grouped along blood vessels

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10
Q

Dizziness

A

faintness, light-headedness, feeling as if their head is spinning, or inability to maintain normal balance in standing/seated position

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11
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of movement, usually rotational like whirling/spinning
subjective: sense that one’s body is rotating
objective: objects spinning
cardinal symptom of vestibular dysfunction

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12
Q

Tinnitus

A

ringing in the ears

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13
Q

Presbyopia

A

loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye (caused by aging)

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14
Q

Ptosis

A

lid of either eye covering part of the pupil

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15
Q

Corneal Arcus

A

white, opaque ring encircling the limbus

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16
Q

Miosis

A

condition in which the pupil is constricted

< 6 mm

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17
Q

Mydriasis

A

condition in which pupil is dialated

> 6 mm

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18
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary movement of eyeball in horizontal, vertical, or rotary

injury to cranial nerve XI, alcohol use (jerkiness in eye)

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19
Q

Strabismus

A

eye that moves to focus after being uncovered; extraocular weakness of muscle or paralysis, difficulty focusing, refractive errors

lazy eye

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20
Q

Presbycusis

A

hearing loss associated with aging

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21
Q

Sensory Perception

A

ability to understand and interact through sense

sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch

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22
Q

Glaucoma

A

excess fluid in eye

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23
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

damage to nerves in inner ear

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24
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

inner ear (imbalance, vertigo)

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25
Occupational or Recreational risks for injury to head, eyes, ears, nose, or mouth
construction
26
Nicotine Products/ Alcohol can cause
dry mouth inflammation cancer
27
Migraine: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?, Other info?
Where? unilateral How long? several hours to several days Quality of pain? throbbing Who? all but women > men Other info? nausea, vomiting, dizzy, aura (sense that they know something is going to happen), photosensitivity
28
Cluster Headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?
Where? unilateral How long? 30-60 min, multiple times/day Quality of pain? stabbing/burning Who? adolescent to young adult, men > women
29
Tension Headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of pain?, Who?, Other info?
Where? back or front of head How long? several days Quality of pain? vice-like pressure Who? 20-40 years old (either sex) Other info? muscle tension
30
Sinus Headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?, Other info?
Where? frontal/ maxillary How long? until drainage Quality of pain? pressure Who? everyone Other info? eye sensitivity
31
Post-Traumatic headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?, Other info?
concussion Where? entire head How long? several days Quality of pain? dull to painful ache Who? athletes/ motor vehicle accidents Other info? nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, photophobia, dizzy, decreased concentration, giddiness
32
Assessment of Head and Face
Inspect: size, shape, position, symmetry, skin Palpate: skull, face, jaw, sinuses, temporal arteries
33
Limbus
junction where sclera merges with cornea
34
Inspecting Eyes
brows, lashes lids - symmetrical? skin - intact? conjunctiva and sclera - color, drainage, pupils (3-4 mm) iris -shape and color
35
Aniscoria
unequal pupils
36
PERRLA
Pupils are Equal and Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation (look at something far and close)
37
Consensual Eyes
both eyes work/move same way
38
Six Cardinal Fields of Gaze
up and down diagonally side to side Do eyes move smoothly and together?
39
Eye Alignment
Corneal Light Reflex Test Abnormal? use Cover-Uncover Test
40
Chalazion
nodule of meibomian gland in eyelid, may be tender if infected often follows conjunctivitis, blepharitis, or meibomian cyst Clinical Findings: firm, non-tender nodule observed in eyelid
41
Hordeolum (sty)
acute infection originating in sebaceous gland of eyelid staphylococcus aureus affected area usually is painful, red, and edematous
42
Conjunctivitis
pink eye inflammation of conjunctiva caused by local infection of bacteria or virus, or by allergic reaction, systemic infection, or chemical irritation Clinical Findings: eye appears red, with thick, sticky discharge on eyelids in mornings
43
Corneal Abrasion or Ulcer
disruption of corneal epithelium and stroma Clinical Findings: intense pain, has foreign body sensation, and reports photophobia; tearing and redness are observed
44
Cataract
opacity of crystalline lens from denaturation of lens protein caused by aging and may be congenital or caused by trauma cloudy lens
45
Diabetic Retinopathy
visual alteration with diabetes mellitus caused by changes in retinal capillaries LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS Clinical Findings: patients report decrease in vision, on exam a network of new blood vessels is seen along retinal surface
46
Open-Angle Glaucoma
NO SPECIFIC SYMPTOMS; chronic most reliable indicator is intraocular pressure measurement
47
Closed-Angle Glaucoma
patients with complaint of sharp eye pain and seeing halo around lights; acute
48
External Ear Function
collection and focus of sound waves location and direction of sound protection of external ear canal from water and dirt
49
Middle Ear Function
amplification of sound
50
Inner Ear Function
balance and equilibrium and hearing
51
Conductive Hearing Loss
caused by interference of air conduction to MIDDLE EAR
52
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
caused by structural changes, disorders of INNER EAR, or problems with AUDITORY NERVE loss of high-pitched tones
53
Foreign Body in ear
frequently seen in children, but may occur in all age groups
54
Pain caused by Otitis Media...
does not change with manipulation of ear
55
Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
infection of MIDDLE EAR ear pain (otalgia) in early stages, tympanic membrane (TM) appears inflamed, red, and may be bulging and immobile
56
Testing Hearing
Whisper Test Finger-Rub Test Evaluation with Tuning Fork -Weber: on top of head -Rinne: in front and behind ear
57
Cerumen
ear wax
58
Paranasal Sinuses
Frontal Sinus: frontal bone above nasal cavities Ethmoid Sinus: near superior portion of nasal cavity Sphenoid Sinus: deep in skull behind ethmoid Maxillary Sinuses: on either side of cheekbones
59
Acute Sinusitis
infection as a result of pooling secretions within sinuses Clinical Findings: throbbing pain in affected sinus, fever, thick purulent discharge Transillumination shows absence of red glow in affected sinus
60
Assessment of Sinuses
inspection of nose Palpate sinuses for tenderness -frontal sinuses and maxillary sinuses
61
Epistaxis
NOSE BLEED, recognized as one of most common problems of nose bleeding due to high vascularity
62
Allergic Rhinitis
inflammation of nasal mucosa hay fever itching, swelling, discharge from eyes, postnasal drip, and cough
63
Acute Nasal Bacterial Infection
thick or purulent green-yellow discharge
64
Foul-Smelling Discharge
associated with foreign body
65
Structures within Neck
trachea lymph nodes carotid arteries
66
Mouth lesions have many causes including:
trauma infection nutritional deficits immunologic problems cancer
67
Herpes Simplex Type 1
COLD SORE highly contagious, viral infection spread by direct contact Clinical Findings: prodromal burning, tingling, or pain sensation before outbreak of lesions lesions progress from vesicles to pustules and finally to crusts
68
Gingivitis
inflammation of gingivae (gums)
69
Tonsillitis
infection of tonsils from common bacterial pathogens: beta-hemolytic and other streptococci
70
Candidiasis
THRUSH oral infection caused by Candida albicans (fungal) in those chronically debilitated or immunosuppressed, or as a result of antibiotic therapy
71
Aphthous Ulcer
CANKER SORE common oral lesion with unknown etiology Ulcerative lesions with yellow-white center and erythematous halo
72
Where can Oral Cancer occur?
can occur on lip or within oral cavity and oropharynx
73
Hyperthyroidism
condition associated with excessive production and secretion of thyroid hormone Graves' disease, familial autoimmune disorder, most common cause Signs and Symptoms reflect INCREASED METABOLISM and may include ENLARGEMENT OF THYROID GLAND and EXOPHTHALMOS
74
Hypothyroidism
result of decreased production of thyroid hormone clinical findings reflect overall DECREASED METABOLISM Goiter may be seen with this
75
Thyroid Cancer
most common type of endocrine malignancy typically is first discovered as SMALL NODULE on thyroid gland
76
Assessment of Neck
Inspection: tracheal alignment, symmetry, masses, abnormalities Palpation: carotid pulses, tenderness/enlarged lymph nodes, masses

Health Assessment (10 decks)

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