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Health Assessment > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Palpebral Fissure

A

opening between the eyelids

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2
Q

Conjuctivae

A

two thin, transparent mucous membranes lie between the eyelids and the eyeball

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3
Q

Sclera

A

tough, fibrous outer layer; “white of the eye”

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4
Q

Cilia

A

nasal hairs; trap airborne particles and prevent them from the lungs

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5
Q

Turbinates

A

concha; line lateral walls of nasal cavity, providing large surface area of nasal musosa for heat and water exchange

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6
Q

Salivary Glands

A

parotid, sublingual, submandibular; release saliva through small openings (ducts) in response to presence of food

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7
Q

Oropharynx

A

located at the back of mouth; includes uvula, anterior and posterior pillars, tonsils, and posterior pharyngeal wall

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8
Q

Larynx

A

voice box; lies just below pharynx and just above trachea; passageway for air (into trachea) and allows vocalization with vocal cords

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9
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

tiny oval clumps of lymphatic tissue, usually grouped along blood vessels

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10
Q

Dizziness

A

faintness, light-headedness, feeling as if their head is spinning, or inability to maintain normal balance in standing/seated position

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11
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of movement, usually rotational like whirling/spinning
subjective: sense that one’s body is rotating
objective: objects spinning
cardinal symptom of vestibular dysfunction

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12
Q

Tinnitus

A

ringing in the ears

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13
Q

Presbyopia

A

loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye (caused by aging)

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14
Q

Ptosis

A

lid of either eye covering part of the pupil

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15
Q

Corneal Arcus

A

white, opaque ring encircling the limbus

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16
Q

Miosis

A

condition in which the pupil is constricted

< 6 mm

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17
Q

Mydriasis

A

condition in which pupil is dialated

> 6 mm

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18
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary movement of eyeball in horizontal, vertical, or rotary

injury to cranial nerve XI, alcohol use (jerkiness in eye)

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19
Q

Strabismus

A

eye that moves to focus after being uncovered; extraocular weakness of muscle or paralysis, difficulty focusing, refractive errors

lazy eye

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20
Q

Presbycusis

A

hearing loss associated with aging

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21
Q

Sensory Perception

A

ability to understand and interact through sense

sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch

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22
Q

Glaucoma

A

excess fluid in eye

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23
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

damage to nerves in inner ear

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24
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

inner ear (imbalance, vertigo)

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25
Q

Occupational or Recreational risks for injury to head, eyes, ears, nose, or mouth

A

construction

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26
Q

Nicotine Products/ Alcohol can cause

A

dry mouth
inflammation
cancer

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27
Q

Migraine: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?, Other info?

A

Where? unilateral
How long? several hours to several days
Quality of pain? throbbing
Who? all but women > men
Other info? nausea, vomiting, dizzy, aura (sense that they know something is going to happen), photosensitivity

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28
Q

Cluster Headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?

A

Where? unilateral
How long? 30-60 min, multiple times/day
Quality of pain? stabbing/burning
Who? adolescent to young adult, men > women

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29
Q

Tension Headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of pain?, Who?, Other info?

A

Where? back or front of head
How long? several days
Quality of pain? vice-like pressure
Who? 20-40 years old (either sex)
Other info? muscle tension

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30
Q

Sinus Headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?, Other info?

A

Where? frontal/ maxillary
How long? until drainage
Quality of pain? pressure
Who? everyone
Other info? eye sensitivity

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31
Q

Post-Traumatic headache: Where?, How long?, Quality of Pain?, Who?, Other info?

A

concussion

Where? entire head
How long? several days
Quality of pain? dull to painful ache
Who? athletes/ motor vehicle accidents
Other info? nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, photophobia, dizzy, decreased concentration, giddiness

32
Q

Assessment of Head and Face

A

Inspect: size, shape, position, symmetry, skin

Palpate: skull, face, jaw, sinuses, temporal arteries

33
Q

Limbus

A

junction where sclera merges with cornea

34
Q

Inspecting Eyes

A

brows, lashes lids - symmetrical?
skin - intact?
conjunctiva and sclera - color, drainage, pupils (3-4 mm)
iris -shape and color

35
Q

Aniscoria

A

unequal pupils

36
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils are
Equal and
Round and
Reactive to
Light and
Accommodation (look at something far and close)

37
Q

Consensual Eyes

A

both eyes work/move same way

38
Q

Six Cardinal Fields of Gaze

A

up and down
diagonally
side to side

Do eyes move smoothly and together?

39
Q

Eye Alignment

A

Corneal Light Reflex Test

Abnormal? use Cover-Uncover Test

40
Q

Chalazion

A

nodule of meibomian gland in eyelid, may be tender if infected

often follows conjunctivitis, blepharitis, or meibomian cyst

Clinical Findings: firm, non-tender nodule observed in eyelid

41
Q

Hordeolum (sty)

A

acute infection originating in sebaceous gland of eyelid

staphylococcus aureus
affected area usually is painful, red, and edematous

42
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

pink eye

inflammation of conjunctiva caused by local infection of bacteria or virus, or by allergic reaction, systemic infection, or chemical irritation

Clinical Findings: eye appears red, with thick, sticky discharge on eyelids in mornings

43
Q

Corneal Abrasion or Ulcer

A

disruption of corneal epithelium and stroma

Clinical Findings: intense pain, has foreign body sensation, and reports photophobia; tearing and redness are observed

44
Q

Cataract

A

opacity of crystalline lens from denaturation of lens protein caused by aging and may be congenital or caused by trauma

cloudy lens

45
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

visual alteration with diabetes mellitus caused by changes in retinal capillaries

LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS

Clinical Findings: patients report decrease in vision, on exam a network of new blood vessels is seen along retinal surface

46
Q

Open-Angle Glaucoma

A

NO SPECIFIC SYMPTOMS; chronic

most reliable indicator is intraocular pressure measurement

47
Q

Closed-Angle Glaucoma

A

patients with complaint of sharp eye pain and seeing halo around lights; acute

48
Q

External Ear Function

A

collection and focus of sound waves
location and direction of sound
protection of external ear canal from water and dirt

49
Q

Middle Ear Function

A

amplification of sound

50
Q

Inner Ear Function

A

balance and equilibrium and hearing

51
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

caused by interference of air conduction to MIDDLE EAR

52
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

caused by structural changes, disorders of INNER EAR, or problems with AUDITORY NERVE

loss of high-pitched tones

53
Q

Foreign Body in ear

A

frequently seen in children, but may occur in all age groups

54
Q

Pain caused by Otitis Media…

A

does not change with manipulation of ear

55
Q

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

A

infection of MIDDLE EAR
ear pain (otalgia)
in early stages, tympanic membrane (TM) appears inflamed, red, and may be bulging and immobile

56
Q

Testing Hearing

A

Whisper Test
Finger-Rub Test
Evaluation with Tuning Fork
-Weber: on top of head
-Rinne: in front and behind ear

57
Q

Cerumen

A

ear wax

58
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Frontal Sinus: frontal bone above nasal cavities
Ethmoid Sinus: near superior portion of nasal cavity
Sphenoid Sinus: deep in skull behind ethmoid
Maxillary Sinuses: on either side of cheekbones

59
Q

Acute Sinusitis

A

infection as a result of pooling secretions within sinuses

Clinical Findings: throbbing pain in affected sinus, fever, thick purulent discharge
Transillumination shows absence of red glow in affected sinus

60
Q

Assessment of Sinuses

A

inspection of nose

Palpate sinuses for tenderness
-frontal sinuses and maxillary sinuses

61
Q

Epistaxis

A

NOSE BLEED, recognized as one of most common problems of nose

bleeding due to high vascularity

62
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

inflammation of nasal mucosa

hay fever

itching, swelling, discharge from eyes, postnasal drip, and cough

63
Q

Acute Nasal Bacterial Infection

A

thick or purulent green-yellow discharge

64
Q

Foul-Smelling Discharge

A

associated with foreign body

65
Q

Structures within Neck

A

trachea
lymph nodes
carotid arteries

66
Q

Mouth lesions have many causes including:

A

trauma
infection
nutritional deficits
immunologic problems
cancer

67
Q

Herpes Simplex Type 1

A

COLD SORE

highly contagious, viral infection spread by direct contact

Clinical Findings: prodromal burning, tingling, or pain sensation before outbreak of lesions

lesions progress from vesicles to pustules and finally to crusts

68
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of gingivae (gums)

69
Q

Tonsillitis

A

infection of tonsils from common bacterial pathogens: beta-hemolytic and other streptococci

70
Q

Candidiasis

A

THRUSH

oral infection caused by Candida albicans (fungal) in those chronically debilitated or immunosuppressed, or as a result of antibiotic therapy

71
Q

Aphthous Ulcer

A

CANKER SORE

common oral lesion with unknown etiology

Ulcerative lesions with yellow-white center and erythematous halo

72
Q

Where can Oral Cancer occur?

A

can occur on lip or within oral cavity and oropharynx

73
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

condition associated with excessive production and secretion of thyroid hormone

Graves’ disease, familial autoimmune disorder, most common cause

Signs and Symptoms reflect INCREASED METABOLISM and may include ENLARGEMENT OF THYROID GLAND and EXOPHTHALMOS

74
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

result of decreased production of thyroid hormone

clinical findings reflect overall DECREASED METABOLISM
Goiter may be seen with this

75
Q

Thyroid Cancer

A

most common type of endocrine malignancy

typically is first discovered as SMALL NODULE on thyroid gland

76
Q

Assessment of Neck

A

Inspection: tracheal alignment, symmetry, masses, abnormalities

Palpation: carotid pulses, tenderness/enlarged lymph nodes, masses

Health Assessment (10 decks)

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