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Health Assessment > Ch 14 > Flashcards

Ch 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

includes facial bones, auditory ossicles, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

includes scapula, clavicle, bones of shoulders and arms, and bones of the pelvis and legs

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3
Q

Ligaments

A

strong, dense, FLEXIBLE bands of connective tissue

BONE TO BONE

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4
Q

Tendons

A

strong, NONELASTIC cords of collagen at the ends of muscles to connect to bones

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5
Q

Cartilage

A

semi-smooth, gel-like tissue that is strong and able to support weight

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6
Q

Bursae

A

small sacs in connective tissues adjacent to selected joints such as the shoulders (glenohumeral joint) and knees

reduce tension and wear and tear

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7
Q

Range of Motion

A

how far and in what direction you can move a joint or muscle

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8
Q

Eversion

A

outward turning

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9
Q

Inversion

A

inward turning

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10
Q

Flexion

A

movement that brings a joint into a bent position

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11
Q

Extension

A

movement that brings a joint into a straight position

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12
Q

Hyperextension

A

extension of a body part beyond normal limits of extension

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13
Q

Abduction

A

movement of limb away from body

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14
Q

Adduction

A

movement of limb toward body

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15
Q

External Rotation

A

turning a limb outward or away form midline of body

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16
Q

Internal Rotation

A

inward turning of a limb

17
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

a toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle

18
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

upward or backward bending or flexion of a joint

19
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

20
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal convexity of the posterior curve of the spine

21
Q

Lordosis

A

abnormal anterior concavity of the spine

22
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

painful disorder of the wrist and hand induced by compression of the median nerve between the inelastic carpal ligament and other structures within the carpal tunnel

23
Q

Phalen’s Test

A

flex both wrists at 90-degree angle for 60 sec

pain/tingling/numbness = positive result for carpal tunnel syndrome

24
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

form of arthritis in which one or many of the joints undergo destruction of cartilage

25
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

chronic, systemic autoimmune disease involving inflammation and degeneration of joints

26
Q

Arthralgia

A

joint stiffness/pain

27
Q

Myalgia

A

tenderness or pain in a muscle

28
Q

Osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density (osteopenia) and decreased bone formation result in osteoporosis

bones become weak and brittle

porous/holey bones

29
Q

Risk Factors for Hip Fractures (5)

A

older age (>50 years)
female
history of osteoporosis
decreased estrogen
increased fall risk

30
Q

Buck’s Traction

A

pulls skin on leg to help lengthen the muscle to decrease the pain of hip fractures

velcro boot, pulley system, weight

31
Q

Ostalgia

A

pain in the bone

deep, dull, boring, aching pain

32
Q

Muscle Strength Ratings

A

0 - no muscle contraction is detected
1 - a trace contraction is noted in muscle by palpating the muscle while the patient attempts to contract it
2 - the patient is able to actively move the muscle when gravity is eliminated (side to side)
3 - the patient may move the muscle against gravity but not against resistance from the examiner
4 - the patient may move the muscle group against some resistance from the examiner
5 - the patient moves the muscle group and overcomes the resistance of the examiner. this is normal muscle strength

33
Q

Closed Fracture

A

skin is intact, bone is broken within the skin

simple fracture

34
Q

Open Fracture

A

skin is broken/open wound, bone is broken outside of the skin

compound fracture

35
Q

Osteoporosis Risk Factors (7)

A

after menopause (decreased estrogen)
slender
female
caucasian/asian
alcohol users
smokers
steroid users

36
Q

What does osteoporosis do to your spine?

A

crushes/condenses spine causing height to decrease

37
Q

Gout

A

can be acute/chronic

accumulation of uric acid crystals in a joint

Health Assessment (10 decks)

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