Ch 14

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

includes facial bones, auditory ossicles, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

includes scapula, clavicle, bones of shoulders and arms, and bones of the pelvis and legs

Question 3

Ligaments

Answer 3

strong, dense, FLEXIBLE bands of connective tissue

BONE TO BONE

Question 4

Tendons

Answer 4

strong, NONELASTIC cords of collagen at the ends of muscles to connect to bones

Question 5

Cartilage

Answer 5

semi-smooth, gel-like tissue that is strong and able to support weight

Question 6

Bursae

Answer 6

small sacs in connective tissues adjacent to selected joints such as the shoulders (glenohumeral joint) and knees

reduce tension and wear and tear

Question 7

Range of Motion

Answer 7

how far and in what direction you can move a joint or muscle

Question 8

Eversion

Answer 8

outward turning

Question 9

Inversion

Answer 9

inward turning

Question 10

Flexion

Answer 10

movement that brings a joint into a bent position

Question 11

Extension

Answer 11

movement that brings a joint into a straight position

Question 12

Hyperextension

Answer 12

extension of a body part beyond normal limits of extension

Question 13

Abduction

Answer 13

movement of limb away from body

Question 14

Adduction

Answer 14

movement of limb toward body

Question 15

External Rotation

Answer 15

turning a limb outward or away form midline of body

Question 16

Internal Rotation

Answer 16

inward turning of a limb

Question 17

Plantar Flexion

Answer 17

a toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle

Question 18

Dorsiflexion

Answer 18

upward or backward bending or flexion of a joint

Question 19

Scoliosis

Answer 19

lateral curvature of the spine

Question 20

Kyphosis

Answer 20

abnormal convexity of the posterior curve of the spine

Question 21

Lordosis

Answer 21

abnormal anterior concavity of the spine

Question 22

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 22

painful disorder of the wrist and hand induced by compression of the median nerve between the inelastic carpal ligament and other structures within the carpal tunnel

Question 23

Phalen’s Test

Answer 23

flex both wrists at 90-degree angle for 60 sec

pain/tingling/numbness = positive result for carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 24

Osteoarthritis

Answer 24

form of arthritis in which one or many of the joints undergo destruction of cartilage

Question 25

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 25

chronic, systemic autoimmune disease involving inflammation and degeneration of joints

Question 26

Arthralgia

Answer 26

joint stiffness/pain

Question 27

Myalgia

Answer 27

tenderness or pain in a muscle

Question 28

Osteoporosis

Answer 28

loss of bone density (osteopenia) and decreased bone formation result in osteoporosis bones become weak and brittle porous/holey bones

Question 29

Risk Factors for Hip Fractures (5)

Answer 29

older age (>50 years) female history of osteoporosis decreased estrogen increased fall risk

Question 30

Buck's Traction

Answer 30

pulls skin on leg to help lengthen the muscle to decrease the pain of hip fractures velcro boot, pulley system, weight

Question 31

Ostalgia

Answer 31

pain in the bone deep, dull, boring, aching pain

Question 32

Muscle Strength Ratings

Answer 32

0 - no muscle contraction is detected 1 - a trace contraction is noted in muscle by palpating the muscle while the patient attempts to contract it 2 - the patient is able to actively move the muscle when gravity is eliminated (side to side) 3 - the patient may move the muscle against gravity but not against resistance from the examiner 4 - the patient may move the muscle group against some resistance from the examiner 5 - the patient moves the muscle group and overcomes the resistance of the examiner. this is normal muscle strength

Question 33

Closed Fracture

Answer 33

skin is intact, bone is broken within the skin simple fracture

Question 34

Open Fracture

Answer 34

skin is broken/open wound, bone is broken outside of the skin compound fracture

Question 35

Osteoporosis Risk Factors (7)

Answer 35

after menopause (decreased estrogen) slender female caucasian/asian alcohol users smokers steroid users

Question 36

What does osteoporosis do to your spine?

Answer 36

crushes/condenses spine causing height to decrease

Question 37

Gout

Answer 37

can be acute/chronic accumulation of uric acid crystals in a joint