Final Exam Review Grade 8 Flashcards
1
Q
What statement expresses Washington’s beliefs about foreign policy?
A
The United States should remain independent from disputes between other nations
2
Q
What best explains why American leaders formed political parties?
A
To organize support for their views
3
Q
What statement described a major result of the Whisky Rebellion?
A
That people realized that the new government wouldn’t tolerate violent protests
4
Q
Who was appointed governor of the “Southwest Territory”?
A
William Blount
5
Q
When did Tennessee become a state?
A
1796
6
Q
Who was the first elected governor of Tennessee?
A
John Sevier
7
Q
What River flows through Nashville?
A
Cumberland
8
Q
What River flows through Tennessee and Alabama?
A
Tennessee River
9
Q
What river forms the western boundary of Tennessee?
A
The Mississippi
10
Q
What amendment was passed as a result of the Election of 1800?
A
The 12th
11
Q
Who won the Election of 1800?
A
Thomas Jefferson
12
Q
Lewis and Clark explored a water route to the Pacific Ocean. How would such a route have benefitted overseas trade?
A
It would provide a more direct route to markets in China and India
13
Q
What was a result of the Embargo Act?
A
It hurt American shipping and agricultural activities
14
Q
Give an example of judicial review
A
The Supreme Court rules that a new law violates the constitution
15
Q
What Supreme Court case established judicial review?
A
Marbury vs Madison
16
Q
What was a way that both Britain and France disregarded American neutrality?
A
Both captured American ships bound for Europe
17
Q
Who did the Americans fight in the war of 1812?
A
The British
18
Q
What best summarizes the goal of Tecumseh’s Indian confederation?
A
To return to the old ways and resist white settlers
19
Q
What was one cause of the war of 1812?
A
The British were arming and encouraging Native Americans to fight against the United States
20
Q
What best describes conditions in the United States as it entered the War of 1812
A
A small army and navy that lacked the training to face the British army
21
Q
Which future president gained notoriety during the Battle of New Orleans?
A
Andrew Jackson
22
Q
What is the best interpretation of the Supreme Court decision in McCullough vs Maryland?
A
States have no power to control federal institutions within their bodies
23
Q
What was a result of the War of 1812?
A
Americans felt a new sense of national pride
24
Q
What precedent did President Washington set at the beginning of his first term?
A
Her named leaders to head his cabinet departments
25
Congress protected American manufacturers after the War of 1812 by
Raising tariffs on imported goods
26
What conclusion did President Andrew Jackson draw about the Bank of the United States
It helped mostly the wealthy
27
How were voting rights affected by growing democratic clause in the 1820's?
It increased the number of people participating in the voting process
28
Which of the following groups thought of Andrew Jackson as their hero?
Common people across the country
29
The nullification crisis was about which issue?
Protective tariffs
30
What statement about the 1824 election is true?
The House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams as the president
31
How did the high protective tariff of 1828 affect southern planters?
It increased the price of manufactured goods
32
How did Sequoyah impact the Cherokee?
He invented the Cherokee alphabet
33
Who was governor of Tennessee, U.S. representative, U.S. senator, President of Texas, and Governor of Texas?
Sam Houston
34
Who was governor of Tennessee, a state senator and state representative, and the President of the United States?
James K Polk
35
What led settlers and trappers to move to Oregon and the Far West in the 1820's?
Fertile lands, plentiful rainfall, and a mild climate
36
Why did the Mormons move west to settle in Utah?
They hoped to escape religious persecution
37
Why did Americans settlers in Texas come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830's?
Mexico outlawed slavery
38
What was one challenge faced by the Lone Star Republic?
The U.S. waited to annex them (Texas) into the Union
39
What final incident caused President Polk to urge Congress to declare war on Mexico?
American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande River
40
New lands gained from Mexico lead to increased tensions because
Americans couldn't agree whether the new land should allow slavery
41
What were the impacts of the 2nd great awakening?
Increased motivation for reform movements
42
How did the Second Great Awakening affect the slavery issue?
It inspired many to dedicate their lives to ending slavery
43
Who is the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad and is said to have never lost a "passenger"?
Harriet Tubman
44
How did the Missouri Compromise address the issue of slavery?
It drew an imaginary line that separated free and slave states geographically
45
Which part of the Compromise of 1850 created the most controversy during the 1850's?
The passage of a strong fugitive slave law to return runaway slaves
46
The process that allows people in a territory or state to vote directly on issues rather then have their elected representatives decide is known as what?
Popular sovereignty
47
Bleeding Kansas was caused by
The popular sovereignty allowed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act
48
What was the Dred-Scott case about?
A slave named Dred Scott sued for his freedom
49
What was the Supreme Court's ruling on the Dred-Scott case?
Dred Scott was a slave and considered property. Since he wasn't a citizen, he was unable to sue in court.
50
What political party was Lincoln?
Republican
51
What was the eventual outcome of the abolitionist movement?
The 13th amendment
52
Slavery became more widely used in the Southern region because
Cash crops grew more easily in this region, and required a large labor force
53
The Cumberland Gap, along the Wilderness Road, is situated on which mountain range?
The Appalachians
54
What was a famous frontiersmen who led settlers into Kentucky and Tennessee through the Cumberland Gap along the Wilderness Road?
Daniel Boone
55
What caused the French and Indian war?
British settlers pushed west into French and Native American lands
56
Who won the French and Indian war?
Britian
57
Which consequence of the French and Indian War most directly led to the Revolutionary War?
Great Britain was in debt
58
What does "no taxation without representation" mean?
That colonists should have a say in the government that taxes them
59
Define militia
A force of armed civilians pledged to defend their community
60
Define minutemen
Members of the militia who were trained to respond at a minutes notice
61
Define a patriot
A colonist who wanted independence from Britian
62
Define a loyalist
Colonists who didn't want independence from Britian
63
Who's Thomas Paine?
He wrote Common Sense to urge Americans to declare independence
64
What are the key words to the definition of Continental Congress?
13 colonies
65
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
The group of people who protested against British laws using both violent and peaceful protests
66
Who was Paul Revere?
He created the propaganda that made the Boston Massacre look like a massacre. He took the midnight ride
67
Which Quaker scientist, printer, and statesmen had a strong influence at both the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention?
Benjamin Franklin
68
What were the significance of Lexington and Concord?
This fighting signaled the start of the Revolution
69
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
70
Where was the Declaration of Independence written?
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
71
When was the Declaration of Independence approved by the Continental Congress?
During the summer of 1776
72
Why was the battle of Saratoga a turning point for the patriots?
The patriots gained support from France and Spain
73
How did the war in the south differ from the fighting in the other colonies?
There was more guerrilla warfare in the south
74
The last major battle of the Revolutionary war happened where and in what year?
Yorktown in 1781
75
When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
1783
76
What is the significance of the Articles of Confederation?
They established the first national government of the United States
77
Why were the articles of Confederation intentionally set up to be weak?
To prevent an oppressive government like they had under Great Britain
78
Was known as the father of the Constitution?
James Madison
79
What are the members of Senate determined by?
Equal state representation
80
Members of the House of Representatives are determined by what?
Population of each state
81
In what year was the Constitutional convention held?
1787
82
Where was the Constitutional convention held?
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
83
What were the Federalist papers?
Articles written for the ratification of the Constitution
84
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the constitution?
Protect personal liberties
85
What is the U.S. Constitution?
Structure for the US government
86
What are the two parts of the US Congress?
House and the Senate
87
Who is in charge of the legislative branch?
Congress
88
Who's in charge of the executive branch?
The President
89
Who is in charge of the judicial branch?
The Supreme Court
90
What is the establishment clause say?
That government can't support or endorse a specific religion
91
What is the main job of the legislative branch?
Make laws for our country
92
What is the judicial branch responsible for?
Explaining laws and making sure they're constitutional
93
What is the most important job of the executive branch?
To enforce and carry out laws
94
What makes up our bicameral legislator?
The House and the Senate
95
What does the presidents cabinet do?
They advise the president and help out with enforcing laws
96
Why are the three branches separate and balanced?
So no one branch doesn't have too much power over the others
97
What part of the United States Constitution contains fundamental liberties of American citizens?
Amendment one through 10/Bill of Rights
98
The Constitution has survived for more than 200 years because
It combines strong framework with flexibility
99
Federal and state governments both have power to tax. This is an example of what?
Federalism
100
What type of government does America have today?
Democratic republic
101
How did industrialization lead to urbanization?
Job opportunities drew workers into cities
102
What caused the increase of Irish immigration in the mid-1800s?
Ireland experienced a potato famine
103
Railroads and steamboats impact in America by what?
Increasing industry profits
104
Few mills and factories were built in the south because Southerners did what?
Put their money into land and slaves
105
The South's political leaders were mostly what?
Wealthy planters
106
Any white southerners who didn't own slaves still supported slavery because they
Knew the south's economy relied on slave labor
107
Who invented the cotton gin and developed the use of interchangeable parts?
Eli Whitney
108
How did Memphis's geography help it to become known as the "Cotton Capital of the south"?
Its location next to the Mississippi River made it a good place to send off cotton harvests
109
The Industrial Revolution began with a dramatic shift from
Hand made to machine made goods
110
Define industrialism
A society built mostly on mechanized industry rather than agriculture
111
Define urbanization
The migration of people from rural areas to cities
112
Define textile
Cloth items that helped start the industrial revolution
113
Define Mass Production
The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods
114
Define aristocracy
Members of a high social class; elite
115
What are the Border States?
Free states along the border of slave states
116
Which state saw the most Civil War battles?
Virginia
117
Where was the capital of the Confederacy?
Richmond, Virginia
118
Where was the first battle of the Civil War fought?
Fort Sumter, Charleston SC
119
Who won the American Civil War?
The North
120
Which event prompted the first southern states to secede from the Union?
The Election of 1800
121
Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan was designed to
Squeeze the economy of the south
122
Who was the commander of the southern army?
Lee
123
Who was the commander of the Union army?
Grant
124
Who was the president of the Union?
Lincoln
125
Who was the president of the confederacy?
Davis
126
Define secession
To break away
127
Define battery
A collection of artillery
128
Define calvary
A soldier on horseback
129
Define infantry
A soldier on foot
130
Define siege
To surround and bombard a city for a long period of time
131
The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the war because
Southern troops reached their northernmost point in Union territory
132
With the fall of Vicksburg, Union forces
Gained control of the Mississippi River
133
General Tecumseh Sherman's march through Georgia was
An example of total war
134
Where did Lee surrender to Grant, ending the Civil War?
Appomattox Courthouse
