Final Exam Review

Question 1

The definition of substance abuse according to the DSM-5 is based on:

Answer 1

how significantly the substance interferes with the user’s life

Question 2

______ is the need for greater amounts of a drug
to experience the same effect, whereas _____ is the negative physical response that occurs when a drug is not taken

Answer 2

Tolerance; withdrawal

Question 3

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between gender and alcohol consumption?

Answer 3

Men are more likely to use alcohol and be heavy drinkers.

Question 4

Dr. Myers prescribes medication to help control
a patient’s seizures. The patient reports that the medication also makes her feel calm and helps her sleep. Dr. Myers most likely prescribed a(n):

Answer 4

benzodiazepine

Question 5

The primary neurotransmitter affected by cocaine is ______, whereas the primary neurotransmitter affected by opiates is ______.

Answer 5

dopamine; GABA

Question 6

For marijuana users, “reverse tolerance” occurs when:

Answer 6

more pleasure from the drug is reported after repeated use

Question 7

Gino is a recovering alcoholic. To help with his treatment, Gino’s physician prescribed a drug that causes Gino to experience shortness of breath and severe vomiting if he drinks. What drug has the physician prescribed?

Answer 7

Antabuse

Question 8

One psychological component of addiction may involve taking a drug to avoid negative feelings associated with coming down from a high. What theory describes this use of substances to avoid worsening lows?

Answer 8

opponent-process theory

Question 9

Research shows that the way individuals think about a drug influences the way they act when using the drug. This phenomenon is known as the:

Answer 9

expectancy effect

Question 10

Carlos’s psychiatrist treats him for cocaine abuse
by delivering a shock when Carlos attempts to use cocaine, a treatment known as ______. In contrast, Lisa’s therapist has her imagine having painful seizures at the same time that Lisa is thinking about using cocaine, a treatment known as ______.

Answer 10

aversion therapy; covert sensitization

Question 11

The dimensional versus categorical debate over the nature of personality disorders can also be described as a debate between _______ and _______.

Answer 11

degree; kind

Question 12

Some personality disorders are diagnosed more frequently in men than in women. One explanation for this difference is as follows:

Answer 12

Symptoms are interpreted by clinicians in different ways depending on the gender of the person with the symptoms.

Question 13

Genetic research and an overlap in symptoms
suggest a common relationship between schizophrenia and:

Answer 13

schizotypal personality disorder

Question 14

Criteria for psychopathy emphasize _______, and criteria for antisocial personality disorder emphasize _______.

Answer 14

personality; behavior

Question 15

Which symptom is characteristic of persons with borderline personality disorder?

Answer 15

impulsivity

Question 16

Which theory suggests psychopaths may engage in antisocial and risk-taking behavior to stimulate their cortical system?

Answer 16

underarousal hypothesis

Question 17

Greeting a new acquaintance with effusive familiarity, crying uncontrollably during a movie, and trying to be the center of attention at a party are typical behaviors of someone with:

Answer 17

histrionic personality disorder

Question 18

Which of the following statements is most true about c. schizotypal
borderline personality disorder?

Answer 18

Behaviors in borderline personality disorder overlap those seen in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 19

People with which personality disorder often exhibit childlike, egocentric behaviors?

Answer 19

narcissistic

Question 20

An individual who is preoccupied with details, rules, organization, and scheduling to the extent that it interferes with daily functioning may have:

Answer 20

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 21

One distinction used to characterize symptoms of schizophrenia divides them into what two broad categories?

Answer 21

positive and negative

Question 22

Emotional and social withdrawal, apathy, and poverty of speech and thought are examples of what type of symptoms in schizophrenia?

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

Rhonda fears that her employer is trying to poison her with gas emitted from the overhead lights in her office. Given what you know about Rhonda’s thoughts, what symptom of schizophrenia is she likely to have?

Answer 23

paranoia

Question 24

Which disorder is characterized by symptoms similar to those seen in schizophrenia but of shorter duration, often with successful remission of symptoms?

Answer 24

schizophreniform disorder

Question 25

Most people with schizophrenia:

Answer 25

have multiple episodes, with different degrees of impairment between episodes

Question 26

Research on cultural factors and schizophrenia suggests that African Americans:

Answer 26

may have higher rates than other ethnic groups because of misdiagnosis

Question 27

Which sibling of an individual with schizophrenia is most likely to develop schizophrenia?

Answer 27

monozygotic twin raised in the same home

Question 28

Which statement is true about antipsychotic medications and the treatment of schizophrenia?

Answer 28

Different medications are effective with different people and to a different degree.

Question 29

Which type of psychosocial treatment has been most effective for treating the behavioral problems seen in schizophrenia?

Answer 29

token economies

Question 30

Which two psychosocial interventions appear to be most helpful for people with schizophrenia?

Answer 30

family education and vocational rehabilitation

Question 31

According to a recent review by La Fond and Durham, since the 1960s mental health law in the United States has followed what pattern?

Answer 31

a commitment to protecting the individual, followed by a shift in emphasis to protecting society

Question 32

Sally has stopped eating because of her delusional belief that extraterrestrial aliens are trying to poison her. Because of her symptoms, Sally is placed in a psychiatric hospital involuntarily based on what civil authority?

Answer 32

parens patriae

Question 33

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between mental illness and dangerousness?

Answer 33

Most studies suggest that people with mental illness without hallucinations or delusions are no more likely to be dangerous than people without mental illness.

Question 34

One goal of taking people out of mental health facilities (deinstitutionalization) was to:

Answer 34

create mental health centers in the community that could provide a network of supportive treatments

Question 35

The M’Naghten rule incorporated what criterion to determine whether a person’s mental state influenced guilt or innocence?

Answer 35

whether the individual knew that the act committed was wrong

Question 36

“Diminished capacity” is a legal concept that proposes that when people with mental illness commit a crime they may lack:

Answer 36

intent

Question 37

Research regarding use of the not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) defense has found that:

Answer 37

the public overestimates how often people use this defense successfully

Question 38

The guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) verdict is different from the NGRI verdict in that:

Answer 38

people convicted of GBMI can be treated successfully for their mental illness yet still serve a full term in prison

Question 39

An individual who commits a crime but is judged to be incompetent to stand trial may be:

Answer 39

committed to a mental health facility until he is competent

Question 40

According to the Tarasoff verdict, a therapist can release confidential information about a client when:

Answer 40

the client poses a threat to the safety of a specific individual