Final Exam Review Flashcards
The definition of substance abuse according to the DSM-5 is based on:
how significantly the substance interferes with the user’s life
______ is the need for greater amounts of a drug
to experience the same effect, whereas _____ is the negative physical response that occurs when a drug is not taken
Tolerance; withdrawal
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between gender and alcohol consumption?
Men are more likely to use alcohol and be heavy drinkers.
Dr. Myers prescribes medication to help control
a patient’s seizures. The patient reports that the medication also makes her feel calm and helps her sleep. Dr. Myers most likely prescribed a(n):
benzodiazepine
The primary neurotransmitter affected by cocaine is ______, whereas the primary neurotransmitter affected by opiates is ______.
dopamine; GABA
For marijuana users, “reverse tolerance” occurs when:
more pleasure from the drug is reported after repeated use
Gino is a recovering alcoholic. To help with his treatment, Gino’s physician prescribed a drug that causes Gino to experience shortness of breath and severe vomiting if he drinks. What drug has the physician prescribed?
Antabuse
One psychological component of addiction may involve taking a drug to avoid negative feelings associated with coming down from a high. What theory describes this use of substances to avoid worsening lows?
opponent-process theory
Research shows that the way individuals think about a drug influences the way they act when using the drug. This phenomenon is known as the:
expectancy effect
Carlos’s psychiatrist treats him for cocaine abuse
by delivering a shock when Carlos attempts to use cocaine, a treatment known as ______. In contrast, Lisa’s therapist has her imagine having painful seizures at the same time that Lisa is thinking about using cocaine, a treatment known as ______.
aversion therapy; covert sensitization
The dimensional versus categorical debate over the nature of personality disorders can also be described as a debate between _______ and _______.
degree; kind
Some personality disorders are diagnosed more frequently in men than in women. One explanation for this difference is as follows:
Symptoms are interpreted by clinicians in different ways depending on the gender of the person with the symptoms.
Genetic research and an overlap in symptoms
suggest a common relationship between schizophrenia and:
schizotypal personality disorder
Criteria for psychopathy emphasize _______, and criteria for antisocial personality disorder emphasize _______.
personality; behavior
Which symptom is characteristic of persons with borderline personality disorder?
impulsivity
Which theory suggests psychopaths may engage in antisocial and risk-taking behavior to stimulate their cortical system?
underarousal hypothesis
Greeting a new acquaintance with effusive familiarity, crying uncontrollably during a movie, and trying to be the center of attention at a party are typical behaviors of someone with:
histrionic personality disorder
Which of the following statements is most true about c. schizotypal
borderline personality disorder?
Behaviors in borderline personality disorder overlap those seen in posttraumatic stress disorder.
People with which personality disorder often exhibit childlike, egocentric behaviors?
narcissistic
An individual who is preoccupied with details, rules, organization, and scheduling to the extent that it interferes with daily functioning may have:
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
One distinction used to characterize symptoms of schizophrenia divides them into what two broad categories?
positive and negative
Emotional and social withdrawal, apathy, and poverty of speech and thought are examples of what type of symptoms in schizophrenia?
negative
Rhonda fears that her employer is trying to poison her with gas emitted from the overhead lights in her office. Given what you know about Rhonda’s thoughts, what symptom of schizophrenia is she likely to have?
paranoia
Which disorder is characterized by symptoms similar to those seen in schizophrenia but of shorter duration, often with successful remission of symptoms?
schizophreniform disorder
Most people with schizophrenia:
have multiple episodes, with different degrees of impairment between episodes
Research on cultural factors and schizophrenia suggests that African Americans:
may have higher rates than other ethnic groups because of misdiagnosis
Which sibling of an individual with schizophrenia is most likely to develop schizophrenia?
monozygotic twin raised in the same home
Which statement is true about antipsychotic medications and the treatment of schizophrenia?
Different medications are effective with different people and to a different degree.
Which type of psychosocial treatment has been most effective for treating the behavioral problems seen in schizophrenia?
token economies
Which two psychosocial interventions appear to be most helpful for people with schizophrenia?
family education and vocational rehabilitation
According to a recent review by La Fond and Durham, since the 1960s mental health law in the United States has followed what pattern?
a commitment to protecting the individual, followed by a shift in emphasis to protecting society
Sally has stopped eating because of her delusional belief that extraterrestrial aliens are trying to poison her. Because of her symptoms, Sally is placed in a psychiatric hospital involuntarily based on what civil authority?
parens patriae
Which statement is true regarding the relationship between mental illness and dangerousness?
Most studies suggest that people with mental illness without hallucinations or delusions are no more likely to be dangerous than people without mental illness.
One goal of taking people out of mental health facilities (deinstitutionalization) was to:
create mental health centers in the community that could provide a network of supportive treatments
The M’Naghten rule incorporated what criterion to determine whether a person’s mental state influenced guilt or innocence?
whether the individual knew that the act committed was wrong
“Diminished capacity” is a legal concept that proposes that when people with mental illness commit a crime they may lack:
intent
Research regarding use of the not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) defense has found that:
the public overestimates how often people use this defense successfully
The guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) verdict is different from the NGRI verdict in that:
people convicted of GBMI can be treated successfully for their mental illness yet still serve a full term in prison
An individual who commits a crime but is judged to be incompetent to stand trial may be:
committed to a mental health facility until he is competent
According to the Tarasoff verdict, a therapist can release confidential information about a client when:
the client poses a threat to the safety of a specific individual
