Chapter 8

Question 1

bulimia nervosa

Answer 1

Eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (for example, deliberate vomiting, laxative abuse, and excessive exercise).

Question 2

binge

Answer 2

Relatively brief episode of uncontrolled, excessive consumption, usually of food or alcohol.

Question 3

anorexia nervosa

Answer 3

Eating disorder characterized by recurrent food refusal, leading to dangerously low body weight.

Question 4

binge-eating disorder (BED)

Answer 4

Pattern of eating involving distress-inducing binges not followed by purging behaviors; being considered as a new DSM diagnostic category.

Question 5

obesity

Answer 5

Excess of body fat resulting in a body mass index (BMI, a ratio of weight to height) of 30 or more.

Question 6

purging techniques

Answer 6

In the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, the self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse used to compensate for excessive food ingestion.

Question 7

night eating syndrome

Answer 7

Consuming a third or more of daily food intake after the evening meal and getting out of bed at least once during the night to have a high-calorie snack. In the morning, however, individuals with night eating syndrome are not hungry and do not usually eat breakfast. These individuals do not binge during their night eating and seldom purge.

Question 8

bariatric surgery

Answer 8

Surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery.

Question 9

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Answer 9

Periodic intervals of sleep during which the eyes move rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur, but the body is inactive.

Question 10

dyssomnias

Answer 10

Problems in getting to sleep or in obtaining sufficient quality sleep.

Question 11

parasomnias

Answer 11

Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep.

Question 12

polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation

Answer 12

Assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration, brain wave, and other functions.

Question 13

actigraph

Answer 13

Small electronic device that is worn on the wrist like a watch and records body movements. This device can be used to record sleep–wake cycles.

Question 14

sleep efficiency (SE)

Answer 14

Percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed.

Question 15

microsleeps

Answer 15

Short, seconds-long periods of sleep that occur in people who have been deprived of sleep.

Question 16

insomnia disorder

Answer 16

Condition in which insufficient sleep interferes with normal
functioning.

Question 17

primary insomnia

Answer 17

Difficulty in initiating, maintaining, or gaining from sleep; not related to other medical or psychological problems.

Question 18

rebound insomnia

Answer 18

In a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep problems that can occur when medications are used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn.

Question 19

hypersomnolence disorders

Answer 19

Sleep dysfunction involving an excessive amount of sleep that disrupts normal routines.

Question 20

sleep apnea

Answer 20

Disorder involving brief periods when breathing ceases during sleep

Question 21

narcolepsy

Answer 21

Sleep disorder involving sudden and irresistible sleep attacks.

Question 22

breathing-related sleep disorders

Answer 22

Sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing problem such as interrupted (sleep apnea) or labored (hypoventilation) breathing.

Question 23

circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Answer 23

Sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or insomnia, caused by the body’s inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current pattern of day and night.

Question 24

nightmares

Answer 24

Frightening and anxiety- provoking dreams occurring during rapid eye movement sleep. The individual recalls the bad dreams and recovers alertness and orientation quickly.

Question 25

disorder of arousal

Answer 25

Category of sleep disorder during NREM sleep that includes sleep- walking and sleep terrors.

Question 26

sleep terrors

Answer 26

Episodes of apparent awakening from sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. These occur during nonrapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams.

Question 27

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Answer 27

Parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during nonrapid eye movement sleep. See also somnambulism.