Chapter 6

Question 1

mood disorders

Answer 1

One of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.

Question 2

major depressive episode

Answer 2

Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.

Question 3

mania

Answer 3

Period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria associated with some mood disorders.

Question 4

hypomanic episode

Answer 4

Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders.

Question 5

mixed features

Answer 5

Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode.

Question 6

major depressive disorder

Answer 6

Mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (separated by at least 2 months without depression, recurrent)

Question 7

recurrent

Answer 7

Repeatedly occurring.

Question 8

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Answer 8

Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.

Question 9

double depression

Answer 9

Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder.

Question 10

integrated grief

Answer 10

Grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of a death and adjusts to the loss.

Question 11

complicated grief

Answer 11

Grief characterized by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life; designated for further study as a disorder by DSM-5.

Question 12

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Answer 12

Clinically significant emotional problems that can occur during the premenstrual phase of the reproductive cycle of a woman.

Question 13

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 13

Condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania.

Question 14

bipolar II disorder

Answer 14

Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).

Question 15

bipolar I disorder

Answer 15

Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes.

Question 16

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 16

Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.

Question 17

neurohormones

Answer 17

Hormone that affects the brain and is increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology.

Question 18

learned helplessness theory of depression

Answer 18

Martin Seligman’s theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether or not they actually have control).

Question 19

depressive cognitive triad

Answer 19

Thinking errors by depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future.

Question 20

mood-stabilizing drug

Answer 20

A medication used in the treatment of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, that is effective in preventing and treating pathological shifts in mood.

Question 21

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 21

Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.

Question 22

cognitive therapy

Answer 22

Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes—and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles.

Question 23

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

Answer 23

Brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes in marital conflict, forming relationships in marriage, or a new job. It has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression.

Question 24

maintenance treatment

Answer 24

Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy.

Question 25

suicidal ideation

Answer 25

Serious thoughts about committing suicide.

Question 26

suicidal plans

Answer 26

The formulation of a specific method of killing oneself.

Question 27

suicidal attempts

Answer 27

Effort made to kill oneself.

Question 28

psychological autopsy

Answer 28

Postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death.