Chapter 6 Flashcards
mood disorders
One of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.
major depressive episode
Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.
mania
Period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria associated with some mood disorders.
hypomanic episode
Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders.
mixed features
Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode.
major depressive disorder
Mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (separated by at least 2 months without depression, recurrent)
recurrent
Repeatedly occurring.
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.
double depression
Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder.
integrated grief
Grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of a death and adjusts to the loss.
complicated grief
Grief characterized by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life; designated for further study as a disorder by DSM-5.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Clinically significant emotional problems that can occur during the premenstrual phase of the reproductive cycle of a woman.
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania.
bipolar II disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).
bipolar I disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes.
cyclothymic disorder
Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.
neurohormones
Hormone that affects the brain and is increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology.
learned helplessness theory of depression
Martin Seligman’s theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether or not they actually have control).
depressive cognitive triad
Thinking errors by depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future.
mood-stabilizing drug
A medication used in the treatment of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, that is effective in preventing and treating pathological shifts in mood.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.
cognitive therapy
Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes—and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles.
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
Brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes in marital conflict, forming relationships in marriage, or a new job. It has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression.
maintenance treatment
Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy.
