Chapter 10 Flashcards
substance-related and addictive disorders
Range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and other substances people use to alter the way they think, feel, and behave. These are extremely costly in human and financial terms.
impulse-control disorders
A disorder in which a person acts on an irresistible, but potentially harmful, impulse.
alcohol use disorder
A cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problem associated with alcohol use and abuse.
psychoactive substance
Substances, such as a drug, that alter mood or behavior.
substance use
The ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning
substance intoxication
A physiological reaction, such as impaired judgment and motor ability, as well as mood change, resulting from the ingestion of a psychoactive substance.
substance use disorders
When the recur- rent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home.
physiological dependence
the use of increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect (tolerance) and a negative physical response when the substance is no longer ingested.
tolerance
The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount.
withdrawal
A severely negative physiological reaction to removal of a psychoactive substance, which can be alleviated by the same or a similar substance.
substance dependence
A maladaptive pattern of substance use characterized by the need for increased amounts to achieve the desired effect, negative physical effects when the substance is withdrawn, unsuccessful efforts to control its use, and substantial effort expended to seek it or recover from its effects. Also known as addiction.
substance abuse
A pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles and in hazardous situations.
depressants
A psychoactive substance that results in behavioral sedation; such substances include alcohol and the sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs.
stimulants
A psychoactive substance that elevates mood, activity, and alertness; such substances include amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine.
opiates
An addictive psychoactive substance such as heroin, opium, or morphine that causes temporary euphoria and analgesia (pain reduction).
hallucinogens
Any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception.
other drugs of abuse
Other substances that are abused but do not fit easily into one of the common categories including inhalants, anabolic steroids, and other over-the- counter and prescription medications.
gambling disorder
Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.
alcohol
By-product of the fermentation of yeasts, sugar, and water; the most commonly used and abused depressant substance.
alcohol-related disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with alcohol use and abuse.
withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens/DTs)
The frightening hallucinations and body tremors that result when a heavy drinker withdraws from alcohol. Also known as delirium tremens (DT).
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Organic brain syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible speech, and loss of motor coordination. It may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy drinkers.
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
A pattern of problems, including learning difficulties, behavior deficits, and characteristic physical flaws, resulting from heavy drinking by the victim’s mother when she was pregnant with the victim.
barbiturates
A sedative (and addictive) drug such as Amytal, Seconal, or Nembutal that is used as a sleep aid.
benzodiazepines
An antianxiety drug such as Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, or Halcion also used to treat insomnia. Effective against anxiety (and, at high potency, panic disorder), benzodiazepines show some side effects, such as some cognitive and motor impairment, and may result in substance dependence. Relapse rates are extremely high when such a drug is discontinued.
amphetamines
Stimulant medication used to treat hypersomnia by keeping the person awake during the day, and to treat narcolepsy, including sudden onset episodes, by suppressing rapid eye movement sleep.
amphetamine use disorders
Psychological, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with amphetamine use and abuse.
cocaine use disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of cocaine.
tobacco-related disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of nicotine.
caffeine-related disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of caffeine.
opioid-related disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of opiates and their synthetic variants.
cannabis use disorders
A problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.
LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide)
The most common hallucinogenic drug; a synthetic version of the grain fungus ergot.
hallucinogen use disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of hallucinogenic substances.
hallucinogenic substances
Any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception
agonist substitution
A replacement of a drug on which a person is dependent with one that has a similar chemical makeup, an agonist. Used as a treatment for substance dependence.
nicotine
Toxic and addictive substance found in tobacco leaves.
nicotine patch
Patch placed on the skin that delivers nicotine to smokers without the carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Somewhat more successful than nicotine gum because it requires less effort by the wearer and delivers the drug more consistently; should be coupled with counseling to stop smoking and avoid relapse.
antagonist drugs
The medication that blocks or counteracts the effects of a psychoactive drug.
controlled drinking
An extremely controversial treatment approach to alcohol dependence, in which severe abusers are taught to drink in moderation.
relapse prevention
The extending therapeutic progress by teaching the client how to cope with future troubling situations.
gambling disorder
Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.
intermittent explosive disorder
The episodes during which a person acts on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property.
kleptomania
A recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things not needed for personal use or their monetary value.
pyromania
An impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires.
