Chapter 10

Question 1

substance-related and addictive disorders

Answer 1

Range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and other substances people use to alter the way they think, feel, and behave. These are extremely costly in human and financial terms.

Question 2

impulse-control disorders

Answer 2

A disorder in which a person acts on an irresistible, but potentially harmful, impulse.

Question 3

alcohol use disorder

Answer 3

A cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problem associated with alcohol use and abuse.

Question 4

psychoactive substance

Answer 4

Substances, such as a drug, that alter mood or behavior.

Question 5

substance use

Answer 5

The ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning

Question 6

substance intoxication

Answer 6

A physiological reaction, such as impaired judgment and motor ability, as well as mood change, resulting from the ingestion of a psychoactive substance.

Question 7

substance use disorders

Answer 7

When the recur- rent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home.

Question 8

physiological dependence

Answer 8

the use of increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect (tolerance) and a negative physical response when the substance is no longer ingested.

Question 9

tolerance

Answer 9

The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount.

Question 10

withdrawal

Answer 10

A severely negative physiological reaction to removal of a psychoactive substance, which can be alleviated by the same or a similar substance.

Question 11

substance dependence

Answer 11

A maladaptive pattern of substance use characterized by the need for increased amounts to achieve the desired effect, negative physical effects when the substance is withdrawn, unsuccessful efforts to control its use, and substantial effort expended to seek it or recover from its effects. Also known as addiction.

Question 12

substance abuse

Answer 12

A pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles and in hazardous situations.

Question 13

depressants

Answer 13

A psychoactive substance that results in behavioral sedation; such substances include alcohol and the sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs.

Question 14

stimulants

Answer 14

A psychoactive substance that elevates mood, activity, and alertness; such substances include amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine.

Question 15

opiates

Answer 15

An addictive psychoactive substance such as heroin, opium, or morphine that causes temporary euphoria and analgesia (pain reduction).

Question 16

hallucinogens

Answer 16

Any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception.

Question 17

other drugs of abuse

Answer 17

Other substances that are abused but do not fit easily into one of the common categories including inhalants, anabolic steroids, and other over-the- counter and prescription medications.

Question 18

gambling disorder

Answer 18

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.

Question 19

alcohol

Answer 19

By-product of the fermentation of yeasts, sugar, and water; the most commonly used and abused depressant substance.

Question 20

alcohol-related disorders

Answer 20

Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with alcohol use and abuse.

Question 21

withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens/DTs)

Answer 21

The frightening hallucinations and body tremors that result when a heavy drinker withdraws from alcohol. Also known as delirium tremens (DT).

Question 22

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 22

Organic brain syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible speech, and loss of motor coordination. It may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy drinkers.

Question 23

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 23

A pattern of problems, including learning difficulties, behavior deficits, and characteristic physical flaws, resulting from heavy drinking by the victim’s mother when she was pregnant with the victim.

Question 24

barbiturates

Answer 24

A sedative (and addictive) drug such as Amytal, Seconal, or Nembutal that is used as a sleep aid.

Question 25

benzodiazepines

Answer 25

An antianxiety drug such as Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, or Halcion also used to treat insomnia. Effective against anxiety (and, at high potency, panic disorder), benzodiazepines show some side effects, such as some cognitive and motor impairment, and may result in substance dependence. Relapse rates are extremely high when such a drug is discontinued.

Question 26

amphetamines

Answer 26

Stimulant medication used to treat hypersomnia by keeping the person awake during the day, and to treat narcolepsy, including sudden onset episodes, by suppressing rapid eye movement sleep.

Question 27

amphetamine use disorders

Answer 27

Psychological, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with amphetamine use and abuse.

Question 28

cocaine use disorders

Answer 28

Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of cocaine.

Question 29

tobacco-related disorders

Answer 29

Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of nicotine.

Question 30

caffeine-related disorders

Answer 30

Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of caffeine.

Question 31

opioid-related disorders

Answer 31

Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of opiates and their synthetic variants.

Question 32

cannabis use disorders

Answer 32

A problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.

Question 33

LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide)

Answer 33

The most common hallucinogenic drug; a synthetic version of the grain fungus ergot.

Question 34

hallucinogen use disorders

Answer 34

Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of hallucinogenic substances.

Question 35

hallucinogenic substances

Answer 35

Any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception

Question 36

agonist substitution

Answer 36

A replacement of a drug on which a person is dependent with one that has a similar chemical makeup, an agonist. Used as a treatment for substance dependence.

Question 37

nicotine

Answer 37

Toxic and addictive substance found in tobacco leaves.

Question 38

nicotine patch

Answer 38

Patch placed on the skin that delivers nicotine to smokers without the carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Somewhat more successful than nicotine gum because it requires less effort by the wearer and delivers the drug more consistently; should be coupled with counseling to stop smoking and avoid relapse.

Question 39

antagonist drugs

Answer 39

The medication that blocks or counteracts the effects of a psychoactive drug.

Question 40

controlled drinking

Answer 40

An extremely controversial treatment approach to alcohol dependence, in which severe abusers are taught to drink in moderation.

Question 41

relapse prevention

Answer 41

The extending therapeutic progress by teaching the client how to cope with future troubling situations.

Question 42

gambling disorder

Answer 42

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.

Question 43

intermittent explosive disorder

Answer 43

The episodes during which a person acts on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property.

Question 44

kleptomania

Answer 44

A recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things not needed for personal use or their monetary value.

Question 45

pyromania

Answer 45

An impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires.