Chapter 4

Question 1

anxiety

Answer 1

Mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. Anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses.

Question 2

fear

Answer 2

Emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies.

Question 3

panic

Answer 3

Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror.

Question 4

panic attack

Answer 4

Abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by several physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations.

Question 5

behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Answer 5

Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety

Question 6

fight/flight system (FFS)

Answer 6

Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm-and-escape response resembling human panic.

Question 7

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 7

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness.

Question 8

panic disorder (PD)

Answer 8

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks.

Question 9

agoraphobia

Answer 9

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult.

Question 10

panic control treatment (PCT)

Answer 10

Cognitive– behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them.

Question 11

specific phobia

Answer 11

Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning.

Question 12

blood–injection–injury phobia

Answer 12

Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.

Question 13

situational phobia

Answer 13

Anxiety involving enclosed places (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying).

Question 14

natural environment phobia

Answer 14

Fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water.

Question 15

animal phobia

Answer 15

Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.

Question 16

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 16

Excessive, enduring fear in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart.

Question 17

social anxiety disorder (SAD)

Answer 17

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

Question 18

social phobia

Answer 18

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

Question 19

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 19

Enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness-or fear-inducing threat. The victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal.

Question 20

acute stress disorder

Answer 20

Severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. Many victims later develop posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 21

adjustment disorders

Answer 21

Clinically significant emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to one or more specific stressors.

Question 22

attachment disorders

Answer 22

Developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults.

Question 23

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 23

Attachment disorder in which a child with disturbed behavior neither seeks out a caregiver nor responds to offers of help from one; fearfulness and sadness are often evident.

Question 24

disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 24

Condition in which a child shows no inhibitions whatsoever in approaching adults.

Question 25

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 25

Anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.

Question 26

obsessions

Answer 26

Recurrent intrusive thought or impulse the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing it is not imposed by outside forces.

Question 27

compulsions

Answer 27

Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform.

Question 28

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

Answer 28

Somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive pre- occupation with some imagined defect in appearance (“imagined ugliness”).

Question 29

trichotillomania

Answer 29

People’s urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm.

Question 30

excoriation

Answer 30

Recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one’s skin leading to significant impairment or distress.