Chapter 4 Flashcards
anxiety
Mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. Anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses.
fear
Emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies.
panic
Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror.
panic attack
Abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by several physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations.
behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety
fight/flight system (FFS)
Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm-and-escape response resembling human panic.
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness.
panic disorder (PD)
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks.
agoraphobia
Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult.
panic control treatment (PCT)
Cognitive– behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them.
specific phobia
Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning.
blood–injection–injury phobia
Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.
situational phobia
Anxiety involving enclosed places (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying).
natural environment phobia
Fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water.
animal phobia
Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.
separation anxiety disorder
Excessive, enduring fear in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart.
social anxiety disorder (SAD)
Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.
social phobia
Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness-or fear-inducing threat. The victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal.
acute stress disorder
Severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. Many victims later develop posttraumatic stress disorder.
adjustment disorders
Clinically significant emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to one or more specific stressors.
attachment disorders
Developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults.
reactive attachment disorder
Attachment disorder in which a child with disturbed behavior neither seeks out a caregiver nor responds to offers of help from one; fearfulness and sadness are often evident.
disinhibited social engagement disorder
Condition in which a child shows no inhibitions whatsoever in approaching adults.
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.
obsessions
Recurrent intrusive thought or impulse the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing it is not imposed by outside forces.
compulsions
Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform.
body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
Somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive pre- occupation with some imagined defect in appearance (“imagined ugliness”).
trichotillomania
People’s urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm.
excoriation
Recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one’s skin leading to significant impairment or distress.
