FINAL EXAM part 5 - Resp.

Question 1

Conducting zones?

Resp zones?

Answer 1

1. trachea to terminales bronchioles

2. Resp. bronchioles to alveolar sacs

Question 2

goblet cells are:

Answer 2

mucus producing cells

Question 3

Type 1 cells:

Answer 3

Flattened for gas exchange

Constitute 10% of the alveolar cells BUT cover 95% of alveolar surface area.

Question 4

Type 2 cells:

Answer 4

Cuboidal in shape, produce surfactant contain in the Lamellar bodies.

Question 5

Surfactants: SP-A and SP-D participate in:

Answer 5

the innate immunity (referred as the collectins)

Question 6

SP-B and SP-C participate in:

Answer 6

the biophysical functions of the lung. It is required to his function.

Question 7

Adaptative defenses:

Answer 7

2. IgA which is present in mucosal surfaces and IgG which is produced during an infection.

Question 8

The Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) can produce:

Answer 8

Antimicrobial factors (AMF) such as enzymes(lysozymes), immunoglobulins, opsonins, and defensins

Question 9

In diseases like asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, there is an increase of one type of bacteria, which one?

Answer 9

The proteobacteria (including the pathogen pseudomonas)

Question 10

3 stages of Whooping Cough (Pertussis):

Answer 10

1. Catarrhal: 1 to 2 week of malaise, rhinorrhea, mild cold. Most contagious periode.
2. Paroxysmal/Convulsion: 1 to 4 weeks, Cough “whooping sound’’, vomiting and exaustion after coughing fits (called paroxymisms)
3. Convalescent Stage: Gradual recovery, coughing lessens, but fits of coughing may returns.(2 to 3weeks)
   (Susceptible to other respiratory infections)

Question 11

Diphteria mechanism of action:

Answer 11

• Inhibiting protein synthesis
• 2 components: A and B.
• Enter the cell by binding to the toxin receptor, become internalized.
• the 2 components A and B are separed, toxin A binds to elongation factor-2 (Block the protein synthesis which kill the cell and allows the formation of pseudomembrane)

Question 12

Latent TB disease vs Subclinical TB disease vs Active TB disease:

Answer 12

1. Latent: TB lives in the body, do not grow, no symptoms, CANNOT spread from one to another person, but can become active TB.
2. Subclinical: TB disease will be sporadically infectious, no symptoms or mild symptoms.
3. Active: TB is active, grows, symptoms present, can spread from one persons to another, can cause dead if not treated.