Class #1

Question 1

Leading cause death ca?

Answer 1

1-cancer
2-Heart
3-stoke

Question 2

Leading cause death in underdev. countries?

Answer 2

1-INfectious diseases
2-INjury
3-cancer

Question 3

Global mortality causes?

Answer 3

1-heart
2-Communicable, maternal, perinatal diseases
2- cancer

Question 4

DALY?

Answer 4

Disability-Adjusted Life Years = one DALY = one year of full health lost

Question 5

Highest healthy life expectancy?

Answer 5

1-Japan
2-Singapore
3-Switz.
7-Canada

Question 6

Life expectancy increase?

Answer 6

Average time expected to live.

2,2 years every decade for past 100 years

Question 7

Sx? Sign?

Answer 7

Something you feel

You can observe

Question 8

Lesion?

Answer 8

Structural change in tissue caused by disease

Question 9

Sequel?

Answer 9

Something that follows as a result of a disease process

Question 10

Complication?

Answer 10

May or may not occur

Question 11

Biopsy=

Answer 11

Tissue sampling

Question 12

Histology vs Cytology

Answer 12

1- Branch of Dx pathology where tissue sample are observed to detect problem
2- Individual cells are studied and determined if they are normal or abnormal

Question 13

Types of epithelium?

Answer 13

1-simple squamous
2-simple cuboidal
3-simple columnar
4-Transitional
5-Stratified squamous
6-Stratified cuboidal
7-pseudostratified culumnar

Question 14

Ways cells adapt to stress?

Answer 14

1-Atrophy
2-Hypertrophy
3-Hyperplasia
4-Metaplasia
5-Dysplasia

Question 15

heterophagy vs autophagy?

Answer 15

1- breaking down something external

2-INternal

Question 16

2 major types of tissues?

Answer 16

1-epithelial: protective/secretory

2-Connective: Structural/contractile

Question 17

Atrophy causes?

Answer 17

C and organelles get smaller:

• Decrease workload: musc
• Inadequate blood supply
• Inadequate hormonal stimulation
• Inadequate nutrient supply

Question 18

Hypertrophy types?

Answer 18

• Physiological: exercise, uterus
• Pathological: cardiac failure
• Enzyme induction: in the smooth endo. reti. where we make enzy. if too much demand (Eg alcohol), increase enz level.

Question 19

Hyperplasia types?

Answer 19

• NUmber of c increase
• Combination of hyperplasia and hypertrophy = uterus in pregnancy
• Pathological hyperplasia:

Question 20

Metaplasia?

Answer 20

Changing from one cell type to another.
Eg. mucociliary cells in smokers
Protective advantage, but lose normal function.

Question 21

Dysplasia?

Answer 21

If stress causing metaplasia for too long.
Cells are diff. sizes, nuclei diff, divide more rapidly.
Prelude to cancer.

Question 22

Anaplasia?

Answer 22

Losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells.

This is cancer