Class #9 (Part 1) - Immune system

Question 1

3 types of immune system failure?

Answer 1

1) Hypersensitivity
2) Autoimmune
3) Immunodeficiency

Question 2

Innate immunity components?

Answer 2

(Also called Cellular): Skin, epithelial barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, complement system

Question 3

Adaptive immune system component?

Answer 3

(Also called humoral reponse):
B-lymphocytes ->PLasma->Ig
APC->T-lymphocytes->Effector T cells

Question 4

Blood clot last steps?

Answer 4

Thrombin ->fibrinogen into fibrin

Question 5

MAC

Answer 5

Membrane attack complex

Question 6

Kinin cascade explained? effects?

Answer 6

Cleavage of kallikreins ->kinins

a) Stimulate complement system
b) Vascular permeability and vasodilation
c) pain receptors
d) chemotaxis

Question 7

Mast cells high affinity to IgE due to?

Answer 7

Fc Epsilom receptors

Question 8

Fc Gamma receptors on Macrophages makes them?

Answer 8

have a high affinity for IgG

Question 9

Dendritic cells in the skin called?

Answer 9

Langerhans cells

Question 10

Only cell that can activate naive t cells?

Answer 10

Dendritic cells

Question 11

MHC class 1 present on?

Answer 11

All nucleated cells

Question 12

MHC class 2 present on?

Answer 12

APC:dendritic, macro, B cells

Question 13

Can PAMPs mutate? Are they essential of Bacteria life?

Answer 13

NO, yes

Question 14

Are PAMPs shared by an entire class of pathogens?

Answer 14

YES

Question 15

Different types of Pattern Recognition receptors (PRRs)?

Answer 15

Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL): fungal
TLRs:
RIG-I Like Receptors (RLRs): can recognize viral RNA
Node-Like Receptors (NLRs): bacteria

Question 16

Factors released by dying cells are called?

Answer 16

Death-Associated Molecule Patterns (DAMPs)

Question 17

T-cells main features?

Answer 17

T-cell receptor (TCR) made of an alpha and beta chain, recognize antigens displayed on MHC.

Question 18

What make the difference between recognizing MHC class 2 or 1 by T cells?

Answer 18

Co-receptors:
CD4 - MHC class 2 = T helper cells
CD8 - MHC class 1 = Cytotoxic T cells

Question 19

TCR variable region made from what process?

Answer 19

VDJ recombination

Question 20

TCR co-stimulatory molecule?

Answer 20

CD28

Question 21

Human MHC?

Answer 21

HLA

Question 22

Central tolerance?

Answer 22

Suppression of lymphocyte that react to strongly to self:
Bcell: in bone marrow
Tcell: in Thymus

Question 23

Peripheral tolerance

Answer 23

Suppression of lymphocyte that react to strongly to self .

Question 24

Regulatory T cell secrete….. that suppress the immune response.

Answer 24

TGF-beta

Question 25

Ways that CD8+ kill?

Answer 25

1) Expression of FAS ligand, inducing apoptosis

2) Release perforins allowing granzymes to trigger caspase cascade leading to apoptosis

Question 26

B cell receptor is a..?

Answer 26

IgM

Question 27

Central tolerance B cell particularity?

Answer 27

Can undergo recombination and apoptosis

Question 28

2 ways B cell can be activated?

Answer 28

1) T-cell independant: Microbe binds directly to surface Ig and triggers humoral response
2) T-cell dependant: Microbe binds to B-cell receptor, phagocytosed by B-cell, displayed on MHC II, T CD4+ cell bind and triggers humoral response by B-cell.

Question 29

B cell activation leads to proliferation and after 3 events?

Answer 29

1) Plasma cell: Ig factory
2) Class switching: IgM to…
3) Affinity maturation: Which will lead to Memory B cells.

Question 30

Ways that NK cells kill?

Answer 30

1) Expression of FAS ligand, inducing apoptosis

2) Release perfori.ns allowing granzymes to trigger caspase cascade leading to apoptosis