final exam part 2

Question 1

What are the parts of a neuro assessment?

Answer 1

level of consciousness; mental status exam; special cerebral functions; cranial nerve function; motor function; sensory function; cerebellar function; reflexes

Question 2

What are the levels of consciousness?

Answer 2

alert; lethargic; stuporous

Question 3

how to check cranial nerve 1- olfactory

Answer 3

olfactory- check that air moves through each nostril, check sense of smell

Question 4

how to check cranial nerve 2- optic

Answer 4

optic- snellen eye chart and check visual fields and pupillary response

Question 5

how to check cranial nerve 3 and 4- oculomotor, IV trochlear, VI abducens

Answer 5

measure by having patient visually trace something you draw in the air, or follow your finger in the air.
For III also check pupillary response

Question 6

how to check cranial nerve 5- trigeminal

Answer 6

sensory and check it with sense of touch on upper eyelid, cheek and jawbone. motor- have clench jaw, check corneal reflex

Question 7

how to check cranial nerve 7-facial

Answer 7

look for facial symmetry, have pt wrinkle forehead, smile, puff out cheeks and frown

Question 8

how to check cranial nerve 8- vestibulocochlear

Answer 8

whisper in pt ear, use a tuning fork

Question 9

how to check cranial nerve 9, 10, 12- glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal

Answer 9

check uvula, elicit gag reflex

Question 10

how to check cranial nerve 11- spinal accessory

Answer 10

check motor strength of head and shoulders

Question 11

What is delirium?

Answer 11

syndrome involving disturbance of consciousness with change in cognition;
etiology- usually from identifiable physiologic, metabolic, cerebral disturbance or disease or from drug intoxication or withdrawal

Question 12

Interventions for patients with delirium?

Answer 12

promoting patient safety;
managing patient’s confusion: orienting cues, speaking in low clear voice, avoiding sensory overload; promoting sleep; proper nutrition

Question 13

What is dementia?

Answer 13

multiple cognitive deficits; primarily memory plus any of the following- aphasia (echolalia, palilalia), apraxia, agnosia, disturbance in executive function
etiology: variable causes, decreased metabolic activity found postmortem

Question 14

What are the types of dementia?

Answer 14

alzheimers disease, vascular dementia, pick’s disease, creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, parkinsons, huntingtons, dementia due to head trauma

Question 15

Interventions for patients with dementia?

Answer 15

safety, sleep, proper nutrition, hygiene, activity, environmental and routine structure, emotional support, supportive touch, interaction, involvement (reminiscence therapy, distraction, time away, going along)

Question 16

What is MS?

Answer 16

multiple sclerosis- chronic demyelinating neurologic disease;
myelin sheath normally protects nerve fibers but in MS, sheaths are destroyed in patches

Question 17

What are the 4 classifications of MS?

Answer 17

relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive, progressive relapsing

Question 18

Medications to treat MS manifestations?

Answer 18

immunomodulators, corticosteroid therapy, muscle relaxants, immunosuppressants

Question 19

S/S of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 19

blank facial expression; slow, monotonous, slurred speech; rigidity and tremor of extremities and head; forward tilt to posture; reduced arm swinging; short, shuffling gait

Question 20

Pathophysiology and etiology of parkinson’s disease?

Answer 20

progressive, degenerative neurologic disease (characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia); coordinated voluntary body movement (actions of neurotransmitters in brain, neurons in cerebral cortex lost, dopamine receptors decrease, dopamine no longer inhibits acetylcholine

Question 21

What are the 5 stages of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 21

1. unilateral involvement, minimal impairment; 2. bilateral or midline involvement, without impairment of balance; 3. evidence of unsteadiness, mild to moderate disability; 4. able to walk, stand, markedly incapacitated; 5. client confined to bed, wheelchair

Question 22

What is altruism?

Answer 22

concern for welfare and well-being of others

Question 23

What is autonomy?

Answer 23

right to self-determination

Question 24

What is human dignity?

Answer 24

respect fro inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

Question 25

What is integrity?

Answer 25

acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice

Question 26

What is social justice?

Answer 26

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

Question 27

What is bioethics?

Answer 27

encompasses a number of fields of “life sciences”

Question 28

What is nursing ethics?

Answer 28

formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing; analysis used by nurses to make ethical judgments

Question 29

What is feminist ethics?

Answer 29

critiques existing patterns of oppression and domination in society especially affecting women and the poor

Question 30

What is nonmaleficence?

Answer 30

avoid causing harm

Question 31

What is beneficence?

Answer 31

benefit the patient

Question 32

What is justice?

Answer 32

give each his or her due and act fairly

Question 33

What is fidelity?

Answer 33

keep promises

Question 34

What are sentinel events?

Answer 34

a patient safety event that results in death, permanent injury, or severe temporary harm (ex. wrong site surgery, foreign body retention, falls)

Question 35

KNOW GLASGOW COMA SCALE AND WHAT NUMBERS MEAN

Answer 35

idk where to find that lol