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NURSING 110 JUST US!!!!! > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

what is actual loss vs perceived loss

A

Actual loss: can be recognized by others

Perceived loss: is felt by person but intangible to others

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2
Q

Maturational loss vs situational loss

A

Maturational loss:experienced as a result of natural developmental process
Situational loss: experienced as a result of an unpredictable event

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3
Q

anticipatory loss

A

loss has not yet taken place

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4
Q

define grief, bereavement, and mourning

A

Grief: internal emotional reaction to loss
Bereavement: state of grieving from loss of a loved one
Mourning: actions and expressions of grief that make up outward expression of grief

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5
Q

Kubler-Ross’s Five Stages of Grief

A 
Denial and isolation
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
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6
Q

palliative vs hospice care

A

Palliative Care:
holistic view of a normal process
goal is best quality of life

Hospice Care:
holistic care to someone with a limited time
to live

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7
Q

define advanced directive

A

Indicate who will make decisions for the patient in case the patient is unable.
Indicate the kind of medical treatment the patient wants or doesn’t want.
Indicate how comfortable the patient wants to be.
Indicate how the patient wants to be treated by others.
Indicate what the patient wants loved ones to know.

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8
Q

what are special orders regarding death and dying

A

Allow natural death, do-not-resuscitate, or no-code Orders
Terminal weaning
Voluntary cessation of eating and drinking
Active and passive euthanasia
Palliative sedation

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9
Q

physiologic needs of dying patient

A

physical needs, such as hygiene, pain control, nutritional needs

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10
Q

psychological needs of dying patient

A

patient needs control over fear of the unknown, pain, separation, leaving loved ones, loss of dignity, loss of control, unfinished business, isolation

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11
Q

needs for intimacy

A

patient needs ways to be physically intimate that meets needs of both partners

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12
Q

spiritual needs of dying patients

A

patient needs meaning and purpose, love and relatedness, forgiveness and hope

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13
Q

what is involved in providing post mortem care

A 
Care of the body
Care of the family
Discharging legal responsibilities
Death certificate issued and signed
Labeling body
Reviewing organ donation arrangements, if any
Care of other patients
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14
Q

postmortem care for familys

A

Listen to family’s expressions of grief, loss, and helplessness.
Offer solace and support by being an attentive listener.
Arrange for family members to view the body.
In the case of sudden death, provide a private place for family to begin grieving.
It is appropriate for the nurse to attend the funeral and make a follow-up visit to the family.

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15
Q

agnostic vs atheist

A

Agnostic: one who holds that nothing can be known about the existence of a higher power
Atheist: person who denies the existence of a higher power

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16
Q

life affirming vs life denying

A

Life affirming: enhance life, give meaning and purpose to existence, strengthen self, are health giving and life sustaining
Life denying: restrict or enclose life patterns, limit experiences and associations, place burdens of guilt on individuals, are health denying and life inhibiting

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17
Q

Obriens spiritual assessment guide includes

A 
Spiritual pain
Spiritual alienation
Spiritual anxiety
Spiritual guilt
Spiritual anger
Spiritual loss
Spiritual despair
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18
Q

nursing diagnoses for spiritual problems

A

Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being

Spiritual distress

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19
Q

how can you implement spiritual care

A 
Offering supportive presence
Facilitating patient’s practice of religion
Nurturing spirituality
Praying with a patient
Praying for a patient
Counseling the patient spiritually
Contacting a spiritual counselor
Resolving conflicts between treatment and spiritual activities
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20
Q

acronym for joint pain

A

Joint pain:
S: severity
L: location
I : Intensity
D: Duration
A: Aggravating factors ( and alleviating
factors)

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21
Q

fracture classification

A

Closed or open fracture
Oblique, spiral, avulsion, comminuted, compressed, depressed
Complete or incomplete
Stable or unstable

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22
Q

closed fracture is

A

no broken skin

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23
Q

open fracture

A

: open wound
Grade I– clean wound
Grade II– larger but no soft tissue injury
Grade III- highly contaminated with severe
soft tissue injury

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24
Q

complete vs incomplete fracture

A

Complete: break is across the entire cross section of the bone

Incomplete: “Greenstick” break is only partial

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25
biological sex
what you are born with
26
gender identity
what you identify as
27
gender dysphoria
unsure which one you are
28
scoliosis
Lateral curvature of spine Etiology: idiopathic and acquired Risk factors: female and quick growth spurt
29
4 phases of sexual response cycle
Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution
30
alternate forms of sexual expression
Voyeurism(peeping toms), sadism, masochism, sadomasochism(pleasure in hurting someone), pedophilia
31
male sexual dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction Premature ejaculation Retarded ejaculation
32
female sexual dysfunction
Inhibited sexual desire Dyspareunia Vaginismus Vulvodynia
33
general levels of sexual history
Level 1: part of the comprehensive health history, obtained by a nurse Level 2: sexual history, obtained by a nurse trained in sexuality Level 3: sexual problem history, obtained by a sex therapist Level 4: psychiatric/psychosocial history, obtained by a psychiatric nurse clinician
34
obtaining sexual information
Description of the problem Onset and cause of the problem Past attempts at resolution Goals of the patient
35
the better model acronym to ask about sexuality
BRING up the topic of sexuality. EXPLAIN that you are concerned with all aspects of patients’ lives affected by disease. TELL patients that sexual dysfunction can happen and that you will address their concerns. TIMING is important to address sexuality with each visit. EDUCATE patients about the side effects of their treatments and that side effects may be temporary. RECORD your assessment and interventions in patients’ medical records (Mick, Hughes and Cohen, 2003).
36
define “Quid pro quo”
something withheld in exchange for something else
37
normal serum range for magnesium
1.5-2.5mEq/L
38
magnesium regulates
muscle contraction
39
hypomagnesemia caused by
poor dietary intake, poor GI absorption, excessive GI/urinary losses
40
hypomagnesemia what do you see
CNS; altered loc, confusion, hallucinations Neuromuscular: muscle weakness,foot/leg cramps, hyper deep tendon reflexes, tetany, Chvostek’s & Trousseau’s signs Cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypertension, ECG changes GI: dysphagia, anorexia, n/v
41
hypomagnesemia what do you do
Mild: dietary replacement Severe: Iv or IM magnesium sulfate Monitor: neuro, cardiac status and overall safety
42
hypermagnesemia is
not common (renal dysfunction is most common cause)
43
hypermagnesemia what do you see
Decreased neuromuscular activity Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes Generalized weakness Occasionally nausea/vomiting
44
hypermagnesemia what do you do
Increase fluid if renal function is normal Loop diuretic if no response to fluids Calcium gluconate for toxicity Mechanical ventilation for respiratory depression Hemodialysis
45
calcium participates in and affects
blood clotting and cardiac muscle contraction
46
hypocalcemia serum level
less than 8.9mg/dl
47
hypocalcemia caused by
inadequate intake, malabsorption, pancreatitis, thyroid or parathyroid surgery, loop diuretics, low magnesium levels
48
hypocalcemia what do you see
Neuromuscular: anxiety, confusion, irritability, muscle twitching, paresthesias (mouth, fingers, toes), tetany Fractures Diarrhea Diminished response to digoxin ECG changes
49
hypocalcemia what do you do
Calcium gluconate for postop thyroid or parathyroid patient Cardiac monitoring Oral or IV calcium replacement
50
hypercalcemia serum level is
10.1mg/dl
51
calcium levels
8.9-10.1 mg/dl
52
2 major causes of hypercalcemia
cancer | hyperparathyroidism
53
hypercalcemia what do you see
Fatigue, confusion, lethargy, coma Muscle weakness, hyporeflexia Bradycardia and may lead to cardiac arrest Anorexia, n/v, decreased bowel sounds, constipation Polyuria, renal calculi, renal failure
54
hypercalcemia what do you do
If asymptomatic, treat underlying cause Hydrate the patient to encourage diuresis Loop diuretics Corticosteroids
55
phosphorus is crucial to
cell membrane integrity, muscle function, neurologic function and metabolism of carbs, fats and protein
56
phosphorus range
2.5- 4.5 mg/ dl
57
Hypophosphatemia caused by
Caused by respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation), insulin release, malabsorption, diuretics, DKA, elevated parathyroid hormone levels, extensive burns)
58
Hypophosphatemia what do you see
Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness, respiratory muscle failure, osteomalacia, pathological fratures CNS: confusion, anxiety, seizures, coma Cardiac: hypotension, decreased cardiac output Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, easy bruising, infection risk
59
Hypophosphatemia what do you do
Treat underlying cause Oral or IV replacement in a sodium chloride or potassium chloride solution
60
Hyperphosphatemia is caused by
impaired kidney function, cell damage, hypoparathyroidism, respiratory acidosis, DKA and increased dietary intake
61
Hyperphosphatemia– What do you see?
``` Think CHEMO C = cardiac irregularities H = hyperreflexia E = eating poorly M = muscle weakness O = oliguria ```
62
Hyperphosphatemia– What do you do
Low- phosphorus diet Decrease absorption with antacids that bind phosphorus Treat underlying cause of respiratory acidosis or DKA IV saline for severe hyperphosphatemia in patients with good kidney function.
63
swansons 5 caring behaviors
``` Maintaining Belief Knowing Being with Doing for Enabling ```

NURSING 110 JUST US!!!!! (14 decks)

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