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NURSING 110 JUST US!!!!! > exam 4 urinary elimination > Flashcards

exam 4 urinary elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

what is micturition

A

voiding

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2
Q

elimination includes the

A

removal, clearance or separation of matter

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3
Q

problems associated with elimination are

A

retention, control, and discomfort

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4
Q

the urinary bladder is composed of 3 layers of muscle tissue called

A

detrusor muscle

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5
Q

concepts related to elimination

A

nutrition, cognition, mobility, fluid & electrolytes

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6
Q

what are the steps of emptying the bladder

A

detrusor muscle contracts, internal sphincter relaxes, urine enters posterior urethra, muscles of perineum &external sphincter relax, muscle of abdominal wall contracts slightly, diaphragm lowers &elimination occurs

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7
Q

diseases associated with renal problems

A

congenital urinary tract abnormalities, polycystic kidney disease, UTI, urinary calculi, hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, gout, and connective tissue disorders

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8
Q

what effect do cholinergic medications have on urine production and elimination

A

stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle producing urination

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9
Q

what effects do analgesics and tranquilizers have on urine production and elimination

A

suppress CNS, diminish effectiveness of neutral reflex

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10
Q

anticoagulants make urine

A

red

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11
Q

diuretics make urine

A

pale yellow

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12
Q

pyridium make urine

A

orange to orange-red

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13
Q

elavil makes urine

A

green or blue-green

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14
Q

levodopa makes urine

A

brown or black

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15
Q

when assessing a problem with voiding explore its

A

duration, severity, and precipitating factors

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16
Q

during a physical assessment of urinary function look at

A

kidneys, bladder, urethral orifice, skin and urine

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17
Q

what are the 6 types of urine specimens

A

routine analysis, clean-catch, sterile specimens from indwelling catheter, urine specimen from a urinary diversion, 24-hour urine specimen, and specimens from infants and children

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18
Q

what are 3 nursing diagnoses regarding urinary functioning as the problem

A

incontinence, pattern alteration, and urinary retention

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19
Q

what are 3 nursing diagnoses regarding urinary function as the etiology

A

anxiety, caregiver role strain, and risk for infection

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20
Q

how do you promote normal urination

A

maintain normal voiding habits, promoting fluid intake, strengthen muscle tone, and assisting with toileting

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21
Q

how do you maintain normal voiding habits

A

schedule, urge to void, privacy, position and hygiene

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22
Q

urinary diversion may be used in patients with

A

neurogenic bladder, radiation cystitis, congenital anomalies of lower urinary tract

23
Q

urinary diversion is mostly

A

permanent

24
Q

2 types of urinary diversion

A

cutaneous ureterostomy and indiana and the Kock pouch

25
Q

what is transient incontinence

A

appears suddenly and lasts 6 months or less, etiology: confusion secondary to acute illness or infection

26
Q

what is mixed incontinence

A

urine loss with features of 2+ types of incontinence

27
Q

what is overflow incontinence

A

known as chronic retention, overdistention of bladder and overflow, only dribbling flow when voiding

28
Q

etiology of overflow incontinence

A

medications, constipation, and neurological conditions

29
Q

what is functional incontinence

A

incontinence due to function-inability to reach the toilet in time

30
Q

what is reflex incontinence

A

emptying of the bladder without sensation of the need to void

31
Q

etiology of reflex incontinence

A

spinal cord injuries & other neurological events

32
Q

what is total incontinence

A

continuous and unpredictable loss of urine

33
Q

etiology of total incontinence

A

trauma, surgery, physical malformation

34
Q

what is post void residual (PVR)

A

amount of urine left in the bladder immediately after emptying the bladder (done by bladder scan or catheterization)

35
Q

PVR less than 50 ml is

A

adequate bladder emptying

36
Q

PVR grater than 100ml is

A

inadequate bladder emptying

37
Q

factors to consider with absorbent products

A

functional disability of patient, type &severity of incontinence, gender, availability of caregivers, patient preference

38
Q

define lithiasis

A

kidney stone formation

39
Q

define nephrolithiasis

A

stones form IN kidney

40
Q

define urolithiasis

A

stones from elsewhere in urinary tract

41
Q

factors contributing to urolithiasis

A

lack of inhibitory substance in urine, fluid intake, & crystal formation (nucleation)

42
Q

composition of kidney stones

A

calcium oxalate & calcium phosphate

43
Q

clinical manifestations of bladder calculi

A

dull suprapubic pain with exercise

44
Q

clinical manifestations of renal colic

A

urethral spasm, acute/ severe flank pain

45
Q

define hydronephrosis

A

kidneys produce urine behind obstruction (colicky pain on affected side, hematuria, UTI)

46
Q

define ureterolithotomy

A

stone removal from ureter

47
Q

define pyelolithotomy

A

stone removal from renal pelvis

48
Q

define enuresis

A

involuntary voiding (usually see in children who are old enough to control their bladders)

49
Q

what are the 4 types of enuresis

A

nocturnal, daytime, primary & secondary

50
Q

define primary enuresis

A

toilet training not fully mastered and having some incontinence

51
Q

define secondary enuresis

A

period of dryness followed by period of wetting

52
Q

children at risk for enuresis

A

constipated child, no regular bathroom habits, physical development problems, and anxiety

53
Q

causes for nocturnal enuresis

A

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