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NURSING 110 JUST US!!!!! > exam 4 urinary elimination > Flashcards

exam 4 urinary elimination Flashcards

1
Q

what is micturition

A

voiding

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2
Q

elimination includes the

A

removal, clearance or separation of matter

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3
Q

problems associated with elimination are

A

retention, control, and discomfort

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4
Q

the urinary bladder is composed of 3 layers of muscle tissue called

A

detrusor muscle

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5
Q

concepts related to elimination

A

nutrition, cognition, mobility, fluid & electrolytes

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6
Q

what are the steps of emptying the bladder

A

detrusor muscle contracts, internal sphincter relaxes, urine enters posterior urethra, muscles of perineum &external sphincter relax, muscle of abdominal wall contracts slightly, diaphragm lowers &elimination occurs

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7
Q

diseases associated with renal problems

A

congenital urinary tract abnormalities, polycystic kidney disease, UTI, urinary calculi, hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, gout, and connective tissue disorders

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8
Q

what effect do cholinergic medications have on urine production and elimination

A

stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle producing urination

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9
Q

what effects do analgesics and tranquilizers have on urine production and elimination

A

suppress CNS, diminish effectiveness of neutral reflex

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10
Q

anticoagulants make urine

A

red

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11
Q

diuretics make urine

A

pale yellow

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12
Q

pyridium make urine

A

orange to orange-red

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13
Q

elavil makes urine

A

green or blue-green

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14
Q

levodopa makes urine

A

brown or black

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15
Q

when assessing a problem with voiding explore its

A

duration, severity, and precipitating factors

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16
Q

during a physical assessment of urinary function look at

A

kidneys, bladder, urethral orifice, skin and urine

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17
Q

what are the 6 types of urine specimens

A

routine analysis, clean-catch, sterile specimens from indwelling catheter, urine specimen from a urinary diversion, 24-hour urine specimen, and specimens from infants and children

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18
Q

what are 3 nursing diagnoses regarding urinary functioning as the problem

A

incontinence, pattern alteration, and urinary retention

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19
Q

what are 3 nursing diagnoses regarding urinary function as the etiology

A

anxiety, caregiver role strain, and risk for infection

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20
Q

how do you promote normal urination

A

maintain normal voiding habits, promoting fluid intake, strengthen muscle tone, and assisting with toileting

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21
Q

how do you maintain normal voiding habits

A

schedule, urge to void, privacy, position and hygiene

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22
Q

urinary diversion may be used in patients with

A

neurogenic bladder, radiation cystitis, congenital anomalies of lower urinary tract

23
Q

urinary diversion is mostly

24
Q

2 types of urinary diversion

A

cutaneous ureterostomy and indiana and the Kock pouch

25
what is transient incontinence
appears suddenly and lasts 6 months or less, etiology: confusion secondary to acute illness or infection
26
what is mixed incontinence
urine loss with features of 2+ types of incontinence
27
what is overflow incontinence
known as chronic retention, overdistention of bladder and overflow, only dribbling flow when voiding
28
etiology of overflow incontinence
medications, constipation, and neurological conditions
29
what is functional incontinence
incontinence due to function-inability to reach the toilet in time
30
what is reflex incontinence
emptying of the bladder without sensation of the need to void
31
etiology of reflex incontinence
spinal cord injuries & other neurological events
32
what is total incontinence
continuous and unpredictable loss of urine
33
etiology of total incontinence
trauma, surgery, physical malformation
34
what is post void residual (PVR)
amount of urine left in the bladder immediately after emptying the bladder (done by bladder scan or catheterization)
35
PVR less than 50 ml is
adequate bladder emptying
36
PVR grater than 100ml is
inadequate bladder emptying
37
factors to consider with absorbent products
functional disability of patient, type &severity of incontinence, gender, availability of caregivers, patient preference
38
define lithiasis
kidney stone formation
39
define nephrolithiasis
stones form IN kidney
40
define urolithiasis
stones from elsewhere in urinary tract
41
factors contributing to urolithiasis
lack of inhibitory substance in urine, fluid intake, & crystal formation (nucleation)
42
composition of kidney stones
calcium oxalate & calcium phosphate
43
clinical manifestations of bladder calculi
dull suprapubic pain with exercise
44
clinical manifestations of renal colic
urethral spasm, acute/ severe flank pain
45
define hydronephrosis
kidneys produce urine behind obstruction (colicky pain on affected side, hematuria, UTI)
46
define ureterolithotomy
stone removal from ureter
47
define pyelolithotomy
stone removal from renal pelvis
48
define enuresis
involuntary voiding (usually see in children who are old enough to control their bladders)
49
what are the 4 types of enuresis
nocturnal, daytime, primary & secondary
50
define primary enuresis
toilet training not fully mastered and having some incontinence
51
define secondary enuresis
period of dryness followed by period of wetting
52
children at risk for enuresis
constipated child, no regular bathroom habits, physical development problems, and anxiety
53
causes for nocturnal enuresis
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