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SA DX & TX II > Final Exam - Ophthalmic Examination Terminology > Flashcards

Final Exam - Ophthalmic Examination Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the anterior segment?

A

anatomic term that refers to the anterior half of the eye

includes anterior chamber, aqueous humor, iris, ciliary body (rarely visualized clinically), & the lens

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2
Q

what is the anterior chamber?

A

fluid (aqueous humor) filled space that is posterior to the cornea & anterior to the iris

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3
Q

what is aqueous flare? what is it a pathognomonic sign for?

A

proteins suspended in the anterior chamber that becomes evident when a narrow focused light source is directed at the eye

sign of uveitis!!! graded on scale of 0-4

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4
Q

what is corneal ulceration?

A

disruption of the corneal epithelium & exposure of the corneal stroma

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5
Q

what is the dazzle reflex?

A

an aversion response (blink, or head movement) to a bright light source placed close to the eye

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6
Q

what are distichia?

A

eyelid cilia that arise from meibomian gland orifices that often cause irritation to the ocular surface (cornea & conjunctiva)

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7
Q

what is enophthalmos?

A

posterior displacement of the globe within the orbit

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8
Q

what is fundoscopy?

A

ophthalmic technique used to view the ocular fundus - can use direct or indirect technique

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9
Q

what is glaucoma?

A

vision loss that occurs from optic nerve damage as a result of high intraocular pressures

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10
Q

what is iridodonesis? what is this finding supportive of?

A

movement of the iris

supports the diagnosis of lens instability

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11
Q

what is the jones test? what does a positive test confirm?

A

application of fluorescein dye to the ocular surface which then appears at the nares

supports nasolacrimal patency

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12
Q

what is keratitis?

A

inflammation of the cornea that is most commonly evident by the presence of corneal infiltrates or blood vessels

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13
Q

what is miosis?

A

small/constricted pupil

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14
Q

what is mydriasis?

A

a large/dilated pupil

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15
Q

what is the ocular fundus? what structures within it are evaluated?

A

interior aspect of the posterior eye

neurosensory retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, choroid, choroidal tapetum, sclera, & optic nerve

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16
Q

what does OD, OS, & OU indicate?

A

OD - right eye

OS - left eye

OU - both eyes

17
Q

what is optical dissection? what is the purpose of this technique?

A

technique in which a very focal, bright light is transmitted through clear structures

allows examiner to establish a 3D impression of the eye & to discern the relative depth of ocular structures

18
Q

what is optic neuritis? what does it often cause? what other conditions is it associated with?

A

inflammation of the optic nerve - often blinding

associated with chorioretinitis & uveitis

19
Q

what is photopic mean?

A

a well-lit environment

20
Q

what is proparacaine used for in ophthalmic exams?

A

topical anesthetic that decreases sensitivity of the conjunctiva & cornea that is used for applanation tonometry & short diagnostic procedures involving the ocular surface

21
Q

what is pseudobuphthalmos?

A

illusion of globe enlargement caused by a retained spectacle

22
Q

what is rubeosis iridis? what is it pathognomonic for?

A

neovascularization of the iris

uveitis

23
Q

what is retroillumination?

A

using light that is shone into the eye to reflect against internal structures & highlight normal/abnormal features during an ophthalmic exam

24
Q

what is a seidel test? what does a positive test confirm?

A

application of fluorescein dye to the ocular surface & subsequent appearance of aqueous humor leaking through the dense fluorescein stain

corneal perforation

25
Q

what does scotopic mean?

A

in a dark environment

26
Q

what is a specular reflection? when does it become disturbed?

A

mirror-like reflection of light from the surface of the eye that can be used to assess the health of the ocular surface

reflection becomes disturbed when the ocular surface is irregular

27
Q

what is tropicamide used for?

A

diagnostic topical anticholinergic drug used to induce mydriasis

28
Q

what is the tyndall effect?

A

optical diagnostic technique that highlights particles in suspension using a bright, narrow, focused beam of light in a dark environment

29
Q

what is uveitis?

A

breakdown of the blood ocular barrier

30
Q

what is the purpose & value of the ophthalmic exam?

A

allows you to differentiate normal from abnormal & then being able to communicate your findings

31
Q

what can be evaluated in the eyes without any specialized equipment?

A

vasculature - arteries & veins

interstitial space - aqueous humor & vitreous

CNS - optic nerve & meninges

32
Q

what does OMSD mean?

A

ocular manifestations of systemic disease

SA DX & TX II (62 decks)

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