Final Exam - Ophthalmic Examination Terminology Flashcards
what is the anterior segment?
anatomic term that refers to the anterior half of the eye
includes anterior chamber, aqueous humor, iris, ciliary body (rarely visualized clinically), & the lens
what is the anterior chamber?
fluid (aqueous humor) filled space that is posterior to the cornea & anterior to the iris
what is aqueous flare? what is it a pathognomonic sign for?
proteins suspended in the anterior chamber that becomes evident when a narrow focused light source is directed at the eye
sign of uveitis!!! graded on scale of 0-4
what is corneal ulceration?
disruption of the corneal epithelium & exposure of the corneal stroma
what is the dazzle reflex?
an aversion response (blink, or head movement) to a bright light source placed close to the eye
what are distichia?
eyelid cilia that arise from meibomian gland orifices that often cause irritation to the ocular surface (cornea & conjunctiva)
what is enophthalmos?
posterior displacement of the globe within the orbit
what is fundoscopy?
ophthalmic technique used to view the ocular fundus - can use direct or indirect technique
what is glaucoma?
vision loss that occurs from optic nerve damage as a result of high intraocular pressures
what is iridodonesis? what is this finding supportive of?
movement of the iris
supports the diagnosis of lens instability
what is the jones test? what does a positive test confirm?
application of fluorescein dye to the ocular surface which then appears at the nares
supports nasolacrimal patency
what is keratitis?
inflammation of the cornea that is most commonly evident by the presence of corneal infiltrates or blood vessels
what is miosis?
small/constricted pupil
what is mydriasis?
a large/dilated pupil
what is the ocular fundus? what structures within it are evaluated?
interior aspect of the posterior eye
neurosensory retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, choroid, choroidal tapetum, sclera, & optic nerve
what does OD, OS, & OU indicate?
OD - right eye
OS - left eye
OU - both eyes
what is optical dissection? what is the purpose of this technique?
technique in which a very focal, bright light is transmitted through clear structures
allows examiner to establish a 3D impression of the eye & to discern the relative depth of ocular structures
what is optic neuritis? what does it often cause? what other conditions is it associated with?
inflammation of the optic nerve - often blinding
associated with chorioretinitis & uveitis
what is photopic mean?
a well-lit environment
what is proparacaine used for in ophthalmic exams?
topical anesthetic that decreases sensitivity of the conjunctiva & cornea that is used for applanation tonometry & short diagnostic procedures involving the ocular surface
what is pseudobuphthalmos?
illusion of globe enlargement caused by a retained spectacle
what is rubeosis iridis? what is it pathognomonic for?
neovascularization of the iris
uveitis
what is retroillumination?
using light that is shone into the eye to reflect against internal structures & highlight normal/abnormal features during an ophthalmic exam
what is a seidel test? what does a positive test confirm?
application of fluorescein dye to the ocular surface & subsequent appearance of aqueous humor leaking through the dense fluorescein stain
corneal perforation
what does scotopic mean?
in a dark environment
what is a specular reflection? when does it become disturbed?
mirror-like reflection of light from the surface of the eye that can be used to assess the health of the ocular surface
reflection becomes disturbed when the ocular surface is irregular
what is tropicamide used for?
diagnostic topical anticholinergic drug used to induce mydriasis
what is the tyndall effect?
optical diagnostic technique that highlights particles in suspension using a bright, narrow, focused beam of light in a dark environment
what is uveitis?
breakdown of the blood ocular barrier
what is the purpose & value of the ophthalmic exam?
allows you to differentiate normal from abnormal & then being able to communicate your findings
what can be evaluated in the eyes without any specialized equipment?
vasculature - arteries & veins
interstitial space - aqueous humor & vitreous
CNS - optic nerve & meninges
what does OMSD mean?
ocular manifestations of systemic disease
