Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA DX & TX II > Exam 4 - Prostatic Disease > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Prostatic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

is prostatic disease more common in dogs or cats?

A

dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

does bacterial prostatitis affect neutered male dogs?

A

nope, just intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what dogs are affected by prostatic neoplasia?

A

older, neutered male dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what breed of dog has a prostate that is 4 times larger than other dogs of similar size?

A

scottish terriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: prostatic neoplasia can cause signs of lower urinary tract inflammation & obstruction

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is important to think about for all intact male dogs older than 5?

A

BPH reliably occurs in these guys!!! can be asymptomatic or cause dripping of blood from the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what signs may be seen with acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

severe systemic illness

signs of lower urinary tract inflammation

tenesmus

bloody or purulent penile discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is rectal palpation done to evaluate the prostate?

A

one hand is used to push the caudal abdomen & prostate dorsocaudally & the other is used to palpate the prostate at the cranial edge of the pubis - evaluate the size, shape, symmetry, & presence of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what would you expect to feel on rectal palpation of dog with bph?

A

symmetric prostate enlargement & non-painful prostate!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if a male dog presents for prostate pain or obstruction of urine flow, what do you need to promptly do?

A

evaluate for prostatitis, neoplasia, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what would you expect to feel on rectal palpation of dog with acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

may be febrile & painful on abdominal palpation

prostate may be enlarged, symmetrical/asymmetrical, & painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does a normal prostate look like on ultrasound?

A

round & smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some changes seen on ultrasound that are suggestive of neoplasia?

A

mineralization & complex parenchymal changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the purpose of doing an abdominal ultrasound for a dog with an enlarged prostate?

A

evaluate prostate size, symmetry, assess for cysts & abscesses, & look for evidence of neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some ultrasound findings seen with chronic bacterial prostatitis?

A

non-specific & may mimic neoplasia!!!! mixed echotexture with hyperechoic areas of fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does a normal prostate look like on abdominal radiographs? are radiographs helpful?

A

normal prostate is round & smooth, <50% of the width of the pelvic inlet on the v/d view or <70% of the distance from the sacral promontory & cranial aspect of the pubis on the lateral view

not really, they have a limited diagnostic value in assessing the prostate, but can help evaluate for metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the purpose of doing a retrograde contrast cystourethrogram for a dog with an enlarged prostate?

A

used to clearly differentiate the bladder from prostate, determine whether a cystic structure is located with the prostate or is paraprostatic, & to assess urethral patency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when would you do a prostatic wash?

A

used when semen can’t be collected & when neoplasia is invading the prostatic urethra is suspected

submit for cytology & culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is bph? why does it occur?

A

hypertrophy (increase in cell size) & hyperplasia (increase in cell number) of the secretory & connective tissues of the prostate & increased vascularity

due to the effects of dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) on prostatic parenchyma - results in symmetric, eccentric prostatic parenchyma that may contain cysts, so symmetrically enlarged prostate that is non-painful & often asymptomatic

20
Q

what is the most common sign of BPH? what are some others?

A

blood dripping from the urethra that is not associated with urination

often asymptomatic, but:

may have tenesmus, hemospermia, hematuria, ribbon-shaped stool

21
Q

is urethral compression a consequence of bph?

A

nope!

22
Q

why are dogs not dysuric with bph?

A

there is little smooth muscle within the canine prostate

23
Q

does bph affect fertility?

A

no but may compromise cryopreservation (hemoglobin increases sperm cell membrane fragility during the freeze/thaw process)

24
Q

T/F: BPH in dogs is NOT pre-neoplastic but DOES predispose them to bacterial prostatitis

A

true

25
Q

what is the classic ultrasound appearance of bph?

A

symmetric prostatic enlargement with homogenous echogenicity - may contain very small cysts

26
Q

how is bph diagnosed?

A

often presumptive

confirmed with cytology & biopsy

27
Q

how is bph treated?

A

castration is curative - clinical signs resolve within 4 weeks

finasteride (a-5-alpha-reductase inhibitor) can be considered if a dog can’t be neutered to reduce prostate size & cysts after treating for 16 weeks

28
Q

do you need to treat an asymptomatic dog for bph?

A

nope

29
Q

what should you suspect if you have an intact male dog with a UTI?

A

bacterial prostatitis

30
Q

what is the most common cause of bacterial prostatitis in dogs?

A

usually due to ascending UTI

can be hematogenous

31
Q

what are the most commonly isolated bacteria in bacterial prostatitis?

A

e. coli, staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., & mycoplasma

32
Q

what clinical signs are associated with acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

systemic illness - fever, lethargy, depression, vomiting

purulent/hemorrhagic penile discharge, tenesmus, may be painful on abdominal palpation, cbc may be inflammatory, & prostate is painful on palpation

33
Q

what clinical signs are associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis?

A

prostate can be symmetrical, firm, & painful or non-painful

may manifest as recurrent urinary tract infections

34
Q

what is the pathogenesis of prostatic abscesses?

A

accumulation of purulent fluid within a cystic space in a persistently infected prostate - can occur after acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis

can rupture & cause life-threatening periotonitis

35
Q

how do you diagnosis prostatic abscesses?

A

typically have concurrent bacterial cystitis so urine culture is often sufficient for diagnosis - consider culture of prostate if urine culture is negative or patient doesn’t respond to abx therapy selected from C&S

ultrasound findings are non-specific & may mimic neoplasia (mixed echotexture with hyperechoic areas of fibrosis) used to assess for abscesses

36
Q

what treatment is used for acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

enrofloxacin is first line choice

other choices are TMS & chloramphenicol

castration as soon as patient is stable!

37
Q

where are paraprostatic cysts most commonly located? do they connect to prostatic parenchyma?

A

craniolateral or caudal to the prostate

nope

38
Q

what clinical signs are seen with paraprostatic cysts?

A

clinical signs are related to impingement on adjacent structures - tenesmus, stranguria, & lethargy

39
Q

how are paraprostatic cysts diagnosed?

A

ultrasound is the test of choice - appear as large anechoic structures that may be septate

40
Q

how are paraprostatic cysts treated?

A

may be amendable to ultrasound guided drainage but may need to be repeated several times & more effective for smaller cysts

may require surgical excision

41
Q

what is the mean age of diagnosis for prostatic neoplasia?

A

older dogs - mean age 10 years old, affects neutered dogs more than intact dogs

42
Q

T/F: a castrated dog with prostatomegaly should be considered to have prostatic neoplasia until proven otherwise

A

true

43
Q

what is the most common prostatic neoplasia seen in dogs?

A

UCC from urothelial cells that line the prostatic ducts

others - adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma

44
Q

what clinical signs are associated with prostatic neoplasia?

A

signs related to prostatic enlargement - lower urinary tract signs, urinary obstruction, tenesmus, ribbon shaped stool

45
Q

what are ultrasound changes suggestive of prostatic neoplasia?

A

mineralization, focal to diffuse hyperechoic areas & loss of normal contour

mineralization of the prostate can occur with neoplasia or chronic, severe inflammation (consider the dog’s age when castrated)

SA DX & TX II (62 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions