Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA DX & TX II > Exam 2 - Flea Allergy Dermatitis > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Flea Allergy Dermatitis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common flea of dogs & cats?

A

ctenocephalides felis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: flea allergy dermatitis is a common exacerbating factor of other pruritic skin diseases in cats & dogs

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the name of the human flea?

A

pulex irritans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long is the life cycle of the flea?

A

14-200+ days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when do female fleas lay their first eggs on a cat or dog? how is this the start of the life cycle?

A

within 24-48 hours after feeding - lays roughly 40-50 eggs/day

consume up to 15x their body weight

saliva antigens injected into the animal’s skin which is what makes them itchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the egg life cycle of the flea? how long does it last?

A

eggs drop off of the host to the ground - will be most concentrated where the animal spends the most time (dog bed)

2-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the larval stage of the flea life cycle? how long does it last? why is it important that it has decreasing juvenile hormones?

A

easily desiccated by heat - prefers shaded areas, eats dander from pet

5-12 days

can use it as a pharmacologic target for eliminating fleas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the stimuli for emergence in the pupa stage in the flea life cycle? how long does it last?

A

heat & pressure

7-200 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: before a flea takes a blood meal, it is the only time it may jump from one pet to another

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why are the adult stage of the flea easiest to treat for? why does this complicate treatment?

A

we know where we they are in the environment

the adult stage is the smallest fraction of time in the flea life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the hardest life cycle to treat for in eliminating fleas?

A

pupa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: larva can be desiccated by heat, so they prefer shaded environments

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of environment do adult fleas seek out?

A

light, CO2, & tactile stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when do we see the majority of biomass in regards to the lifecycle fleas?

A

immature stages of life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what environment is lethal to flea larva?

A

direct sunlight & rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the ideal temperature & humidity for fleas?

A

70-85 F & 70-85% humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: it only takes 1 flea bite to cause flea allergy dermatitis

A

false - if that were true, we would never be able to manage it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some common misconceptions held by owners in regards to fleas & flea treatment?

A

fleas jump from pet to pet - false

fleas are not a problem for indoor animals - false

fleas are only a problem in warmer months - false

it only takes 1 flea bite to cause flea allergy dermatitis - false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are some problems fleas cause in companion animals?

A

flea bites resulting in dermatitis, nuisance to pets & peoples, anemia, blood-borne vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the most common cause of allergic skin disease in dogs & cats?

A

flea allergy dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: adult fleas only represent 5-10% of the flea burden in the environment

A

true - rest is all of the immature life stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: flea allergy dermatitis causes otitis externa, pruritic lesions on their front feat, & on their face

A

false - does none of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the common pattern distribution seen in animals with flea bite dermatitis?

A

caudal body!!!!!! especially dorsal lumbosacral area, tail base, inguinal area, caudomedial thighs, & umbilical fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

if you don’t see fleas on an animal with pruritus throughout the dorsal lumbosacral area with self-induced alopecia, do you rule out flea bite dermatitis?

A

no - just because you don’t see one doesn’t rule it out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F: flea allergy dermatitis is a common cause of ‘hot spots’ (surface pyoderma)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what lesions are seen in cats with flea allergy dermatitis?

A

feline cutaneous reaction patterns - miliary dermatitis (papulomatous crust lesions), self-induced symmetrical alopecia, cervicofacial pruritic dermatitis, & eosinophilic granuloma complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

this lesion distribution is seen in what skin condition?

A

flea allergy dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T/F: all feline cutaneous reaction patterns can be seen in cats with flea allergy dermatitis

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what feline cutaneous patterns are seen in animals with flea allergy dermatitis?

A

fur mowing syndrome

cervicofacial pruritic dermatitis

eosinophilic skin disease

miliary dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what flea control is utilized for the different life stages?

A

adult - adulticides for rapid speed of kill on all pets

eggs - ovicides & vacuuming

larva - larvacides & vacuuming

pupa - vacuuming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what unrealistic expectations do owners often have when their pets have fleas/flea allergy dermatitis?

A

products aren’t effective repellants, so it won’t keep fleas from jumping on the animal

products do not instantly kill fleas

fleas will be seen on a correctly treated pet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T/F: in an animal with flea allergy dermatitis, all pets in the house hold must be treated even if they are indoor only

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the pathogenesis of flea allergy dermatitis?

A

flea antigen is present in the saliva & contains proteolytic enzymes, anticoagulants, & histamine-like factors that are released into the skin during a blood meal & are antigenic stimuli in sensitive animals that have had prior flea exposure leading to hypersensitivity reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T/F: intradermal & serologic IgE testing against flea allergen may be negative but the pet may still have flea allergy dermatitis given all of the types of hypersensitivity reactions

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how can an animal have negative intradermal & serologic IgE testing against flea allergens but still have flea allergy dermatitis?

A

may still have it given all of the different types of hypersensitivity reactions that can occur

36
Q

the effectiveness of topical & systemic flea prevention in controlling flea allergy dermatitis is related to what?

A

the reduction of flea feeding times resulting in less salivary antigen deposited in the skin (speed of kill effect)

37
Q

T/F: dogs with atopic dermatitis are predisposed to developing flea allergy dermatitis

A

true

38
Q

what is the common distribution of lesions/pruritus in animals with flea allergy dermatitis?

A

dorsal lumbosacral area!!!!! tail base, inguinal area, caudomedial thighs, & umbilical fold

39
Q

how is flea allergy dermatitis diagnosed?

A

history/clinical signs, presence of fleas/flea dirt/tapeworms

RESPONSE TO ADULTICIDAL THERAPY OVER 4-8+ WEEKS

40
Q

how do adulticides work for flea prevention?

A

speed of kill, <24 hours, is crucial to prevent flea feeding time & egg production thus lessening adult fleas & flea bites

41
Q

how do larvicides work for flea prevention?

A

target the insect growth regulators in fleas

42
Q

how do insect development inhibitors work for larvicidal therapy? what is an example of a drug that does this?

A

inhibit chitin synthesis thereby disrupting survival of flea egg & larvae (ovicidal & larvicidal)

lufenuron

43
Q

how do juvenile hormone analogues work for larvicidal therapy?

A

mimic insect juvenile hormones preventing the activation of genetic promoters of embryogenesis & molting (ovicidal & larvicidal)

methoprene & pyriproxifen

44
Q

why can there be an emergence of adult fleas in an animal that is being correctly treated for fleas? what is this phenomenon called?

A

from the time that appropriate treatment is initiated, adult fleas are going to hatch from pupal cocoons that came from larvae which came from eggs laid at least 3-8 weeks prior

pupal window phenomenon

45
Q

what is the pupal window phenomenon?

A

from the time that appropriate treatment is initiated, adult fleas are going to hatch from pupal cocoons that came from larvae which came from eggs laid at least 3-8 weeks prior

46
Q

what is the rule of thumb when using a topical flea preventative and bathing a pet?

A

don’t bathe them for 3 days before or 3 days after application of topical preventative

47
Q

T/F: it may take 1-4 months to get a flea infested environment under control

A

true

48
Q

when are drugs that target insect growth regulators indicated?

A

when controlling an infestation & when confronted with a severe case of flea allergy dermatitis

49
Q

T/F: other pruritic skin conditions are complicated by flea bites regardless if the pet is flea allergic so you can’t work up/manage other allergies effectively in the presence of flea bites

A

true

50
Q

T/F: it is okay to refer a patient to a dermatologist for allergy testing even if the animal isn’t receiving some form of adulticidal flea prevention

A

false - don’t do this because A&M will get pissy

51
Q

T/F: flea allergy dermatitis is a common cause of hotspots in dogs

A

true

52
Q

what 3 things must be treated for flea control in a patient with flea allergy dermatitis?

A

the pet!!!!

indoor treatment

outdoor treatment

53
Q

what is purpose of adulticidal flea therapy?

A

targets the flea on the pet where they reproduce to have a quick kill, limit feeding time so less antigen deposited in the skin, prevent reproduction & environmental contamination, & eventually exhaust all developmental stages

54
Q

adulticidal flea drugs may be used concurrently with what other drug to reduce the biomass in the environment?

A

insect growth regulators targets

55
Q

how is indoor therapy used for lessening flea egg contamination in the environment?

A

treat pets with insect growth regulators to control immature stages of fleas, trace amounts of spot therapy may transfer to the environment & may be enough

spray the area with IGR when severe infestation is present concentrating on areas where the pets spend most of their time

vacuuming removes immature forms of fleas & also helps stimulate the emergence from the pupae making them more susceptible to insecticidal treatment

56
Q

how is outdoor therapy used for lessening flea egg contamination in the environment?

A

concentrate the outdoor product (spray, concentrate, granules, dust) in shady areas where the pet/wildlife frequently visit such as flower beds, shrubs, bushes, etc

typically used every 7 days for 1-3 months

57
Q

what products are used for outdoor flea control?

A

bayer advanced complete insect killer exclusive 2-way formula (imidocloprid & cyfluthrin)

bayer advanced power force multi-insect killer (cyflurthrin)

58
Q

what is the main group of drugs used for flea control?

A

isoxazolines

59
Q

what is the typical presentation of an animal with flea allergy dermatitis?

A

dogs & cats of any breed/age/sex - GSD may have more severe reactions

seasonal or non-seasonal depending in region & non-responsive over the long haul to steroids or apoquel

itch located especially along the tail head, over-grooming, hair loss, scabs, & hot spots

60
Q

what are the active ingredients in frontline plus? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

fipronil & methoprene - targets adult fleas (fipronil), flea eggs, & flea larva (methoprene)

spot on spray

dogs & cats

30 day duration

61
Q

what are the active ingredients in frontline gold? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

fipronil (adulticidal), methoprene, & pyriproxifen (mimics insect juvenile growth hormone, halting development during metamorphosis and larval development &also concentrates in female flea ovaries, causing non-viable eggs to be produced) so takes out larva & eggs

spot on

dogs & cats

30 day duration

62
Q

what are the active ingredients in parastar? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

fipronil - adulticidal

spot on

dogs

30 day duration

63
Q

what are the active ingredients in parastar plus? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

fipronil & cyphenothrin - adulticidal

spot on

dogs

30 day duration

64
Q

what are the active ingredients in easyspot? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

fipronil - adulticidal

spot on

cats

30 day duration

65
Q

what are the active ingredients in advantage II? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

imidacloprid & pyriproxifen - adulticidal (imidacloprid) & pyriproxifen (mimics insect juvenile growth hormone, halting development during metamorphosis and larval development & also concentrates in female flea ovaries, causing non-viable eggs to be produced) so takes out larva & eggs

spot on

dogs & cats

30 day duration

66
Q

what are the active ingredients in advantix II? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

imidacloprid (adulticidal) pyriproxifen (larvicide & eggs) permethrin (adulticide & miticide)

spot on

dogs only

30 day duration

67
Q

what are the active ingredients in advantage multi? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

imidacloprid (adulticidal) moxidectin (adulticide, & treatment/control of hookworms, roundworms, ear mites in cats, whipworms/scabies/microfilaria in dogs

spot on

dogs & cats

30 day duration

68
Q

what are the active ingredients in revolution? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

selemectin - adulticidal, larvicidal, & ovicidal

spot on

dogs & cats

30 day duration

69
Q

what are the active ingredients in revolution plus? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

selemectin (adult, larva, & eggs) & sarolaner (adult, larva, & egg)

spot on

cats only

30 day duration

70
Q

what are the active ingredients in vectra? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

dinotefuran (adulticidal) & pyriproxifen (larva & eggs) - all stages covered

spot on

puppies/kittens, dogs & cats

30 day duration

71
Q

what are the active ingredients in vectra 3D? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

dinotefuran (adulticidal), pyriproxifen (larva & eggs), & permethrin (adulticidal & miticidal)

spot-on

dogs only!!!!

30 day duration

72
Q

what are the active ingredients in cheristin? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

spinetoram (adulticidal)

spot on

cats only - one dose fits all

30 day duration

73
Q

what are the active ingredients in catego? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

dinotefuran (adulticidal), fipronil (adulticidal), & pyriproxifen (larva & eggs)

spot on

cats only - one dose fits all

30 day duration

74
Q

what are the active ingredients in activyl? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

indoxacarb (adulticidal & larva) - bioactivation, enzymes inside of the fleas activate the drug

spot on

dogs & cats

30 day duration

75
Q

what are the active ingredients in activyl protector band? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

deltamethrin (adulticidal) - also ticks & mosquitos

collar

dogs only

6 month duration

76
Q

what are the active ingredients in seresto? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

imidacloprid (adulticidal) & flumethrin (adulticidal)

collar

dogs & cats

lasts 8 months or replace in 5 months if the pet is bathed a lot

77
Q

what are the active ingredients in capstar? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

nitenpyram - only adulticidal

oral tablet - fast speed of kill for an oral drug

dogs & cats

24 hour duration

78
Q

what are the active ingredients in comfortis? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

spinosad - adulticide

oral chewable tablet

dogs & cats

30 day duration - green chemistry award

79
Q

what are the active ingredients in trifexis? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

spinosad (adulticide) & milbemycin oxime (adulticide, + other parasites)

oral chewable tab

dogs only

30 day duration - green chemistry award

80
Q

what are the active ingredients in nexguard? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

afoxolaner - isoxazoline, adulticidal, covers other parasites

oral chewable tablet

dogs only

30 day duration

81
Q

what are the active ingredients in bravecto? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

fluralaner - adulticidal & eggs

oral chewable tablet

dogs only - topical option available for cats

12 week duration for fleas

82
Q

what are the active ingredients in bravecto plus? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

fluralaner (adulticidal & eggs) & moxidectin (adulticide & other parasites)

spot on

cats

8 week duration for HWP

83
Q

what are the active ingredients in simparica? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

sarolaner (adult, larva, & egg)

oral chewable tablet

dogs only

30 day duration

84
Q

what are the active ingredients in simparica trio? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

sarolaner (adult, larva, & egg), moxidectin (adulticidal + other parasites), & pyrantel (rounds + hooks)

oral chewable tablet

dogs only

30 day duration

85
Q

what are the active ingredients in credelio? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

lotilaner - adulticide

oral chewable tablet

dogs only

30 day duration

86
Q

what are the active ingredients in credelio for cats? what life stage of the flea does it target? how is it given? how long does it last? what animals can it be used in?

A

lotilaner - adulticide

oral chewable tablet that is palatable for cats

30 day duration

SA DX & TX II (62 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions