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Systems Path 1 > Final Exam: Lungs > Flashcards

Final Exam: Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Acinus

A

Cluster of alveoli

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2
Q

Pores of Kohn present in

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

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3
Q

Pores of Kohn allow passage of

A

Gasses
Bacteria
Edema

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4
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes job

A

Produce surfactant

Repair alveolar epithelium

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5
Q

Alveolar macrophages job

A

Phagocytosis of inhaled microbes

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6
Q

Collapsed lung

A

Atelectasis

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7
Q

Atelectasis causes what 2 main problems in lungs

A
  1. Loss of lung volume

2. Limited gas exchange (shunt blood from PA)

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8
Q

All forms of Atelectasis cause

A

Dyspnea
Cyanosis
Cough
Chest pain

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9
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Abnormally low O2 in blood

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10
Q

Hypoxia

A

Inadequate O2 to tissues/ organs

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11
Q

3 types of atelectasis

A

Resorption
Compression
Contraction

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12
Q

Resorption atelectasis

A

Air can’t reach distal airways due to obstruction

Air in distal segments resorted by blood = tissue collapse

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13
Q

Sources of resorption atelectasis

A 
Mucous plug 
Mucupurulent plug 
Aspiration 
Pulmonary fibrosis 
Tumor
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14
Q

Locates of resorption atelectasis

A

Single lobe

Entire lung

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15
Q

____ may be first sign of pulmonary malignancy

A

Resorption atelectasis

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16
Q

MC cause of compression atelectasis

A

Pleural effusion from advanced CHF

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17
Q

Compression atelectasis

A

Pleural cavity fills and compresses pulmonary air fields

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18
Q

Compression atelectasis can also be caused by

A

Hemothorax

Pneumothorax

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19
Q

Contraction atelectasis aka

A

Cicatrization atelectasis

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20
Q

Compression atelectasis aka

A

Passive atelectasis

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21
Q

Contraction atelectasis

A

Fibrotic changes restricting movement of thorax

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22
Q

___ atelectasis has limited recovery

A

Contraction

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23
Q

ARDS can result from what events?

A 
Severe pneumonia 
Physical trauma 
Aspiration of water 
Superheated gas inhalation 
Sepsis
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24
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

Respiratory failure after high traumatic event to lungs

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25
Q

Lethal complications of ARDS occurs in

A

40% of patients

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26
Q

Factors for poorer prognosis in ARDS

A

Advanced age
Sepsis
Multiple organ failure

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27
Q

ARDS causes what appearance on x ray

A

Bilateral opacity

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28
Q

Necrosis of pulmonary epithelial from ARDS causes accumulation of WBCs, which form..

A

Fibrin rich hyaline membrane

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29
Q

2 types of lung disease

A

Obstructive

Restrictive

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30
Q

Obstructive lung disease

A

Airflow resistance resulting in wheezing

Low expiratory flow rate

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31
Q

4 obstructive lung diseases

A

Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Asthma

32
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

Decrease lung expansion

Decreased FVC
Normal expiration rate

33
Q

Restrictive lung disease can be due to

A

Interstitial lung diseases

Chest wall disorders

34
Q

Destroyed alveolar septa

A

Emphysema

35
Q

Emphysema causes enlarged ___ which decrease ___

A

Acini

Surface area

36
Q

Diffuse alveolar damage observed in

A

ARDS

37
Q

Inflammation in emphysema increases ___ and __ and decreases ___

A

Proteases and ROS

Anti-proteases

38
Q

Major risk for emphysema

A

Smoking

Nicotine chemoatttractant

39
Q

Types of emphysema

A

Centriacinar

Panacinar

40
Q

Centriacinar emphysema

A

MC type

Destroys central acinus, spares distal

Smoking MC risk

41
Q

Panacinar emphysema

A

Uniform destruction of acini

42
Q

Panacinar emphysema is ___ but ___ will accelerate

A

Genetic

Smoking

43
Q

____ deficiency observed in panacinar emphysema, which increases Protein breakdown

A

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

44
Q

Emphysema and asthma most severely effect

A

Exhalation

45
Q

Chronic bronchitis MC males age

A

40-65

46
Q

Mucus hypersecretion, resulting in mucous gland Hypertrophy and hyperplasia is observed in

A

Chronic bronchitis

47
Q

Definition of chronic bronchitis

A

Persistent productive cough, 3 consecutive months in 2 consecutive years

48
Q

Symptoms of chronic bronchitis

A

Dyspnea
Wheezing
Cyanosis
Weight gain

49
Q

Yellow green sputum observed in

A

Chronic bronchitis

50
Q

COPD composed of what 2 diseases

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

51
Q

COPD effects what percent of US adults

A

10

52
Q

COPD

A

Irreversible airflow obstruction resulting in prominent wheezing and possibly pulmonary HTN

53
Q

Curschmann spirals

A

Spiral shaped mucus plug

54
Q

Charcot- Leyden Crystals

A

Breakdown of eosinophils

55
Q

Reversible airway obstruction

A

Asthma

56
Q

Atopic asthma aka

A

Extrinsic asthma

57
Q

MC form of asthma

A

Atopic

58
Q

Childhood onset
Family history
Environmental allergens (type 1 hypersensitivity)

All describe what

A

Atopic asthma

59
Q

Atopic triad composed of

A

Eczema
Atopic asthma
Allergic rhinitis

60
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

Viral

61
Q

2 main risk factors for chronic bronchitis

A

Smoking

Air pollution

62
Q

Non atopic asthma aka

A

Intrinsic asthma

63
Q

Less common asthma type

A

Non atopic

64
Q

Bronchial hyper-responsiveness
Various stimuli including stress, cold air, exercise, aspirin, irritants

All describe what

A

Non atopic asthma

65
Q

Status asthmaticus

A

Acute severe asthma

No response to bronchodilators or steroids

Hypoxemia may be lethal

66
Q

Permanent dilation of bronchi

A

Bronchiectasis

67
Q

Hemoptysis and Purulent foul smelling sputum observed in

A

Bronchiectasis

68
Q

Bronchiectasis located in

A

Lower lobes

May be localized or bilateral

69
Q

Kartagener Syndrome

A

Autosomal recessive Disease resulting in defective cilia from mutated dynein

70
Q

Kartagener syndrome causes poor

A

Mucociliary clearance

71
Q

Kartagener syndrome in Fallopian tubes

A

Female sterility

72
Q

Kartagener syndrome in flagella of sperm

A

Males sterility

73
Q

Asthma results in broncho___

A

Constriction

74
Q

Acini become hyperinflated

A

Chronic asthma

75
Q

Necrotizing infection that results in obstruction and destruction of CT/ musculature

A

Bronchiectasis

76
Q

Large stimulus for bronchiectasis

A

Kartagener syndrome

77
Q

Situs inverses

A

Inverted organs

Systems Path 1 (12 decks)

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