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Systems Path 1 > Final Exam: Lungs > Flashcards

Final Exam: Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Acinus

A

Cluster of alveoli

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2
Q

Pores of Kohn present in

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

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3
Q

Pores of Kohn allow passage of

A

Gasses
Bacteria
Edema

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4
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes job

A

Produce surfactant

Repair alveolar epithelium

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5
Q

Alveolar macrophages job

A

Phagocytosis of inhaled microbes

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6
Q

Collapsed lung

A

Atelectasis

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7
Q

Atelectasis causes what 2 main problems in lungs

A
  1. Loss of lung volume

2. Limited gas exchange (shunt blood from PA)

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8
Q

All forms of Atelectasis cause

A

Dyspnea
Cyanosis
Cough
Chest pain

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9
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Abnormally low O2 in blood

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10
Q

Hypoxia

A

Inadequate O2 to tissues/ organs

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11
Q

3 types of atelectasis

A

Resorption
Compression
Contraction

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12
Q

Resorption atelectasis

A

Air can’t reach distal airways due to obstruction

Air in distal segments resorted by blood = tissue collapse

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13
Q

Sources of resorption atelectasis

A 
Mucous plug 
Mucupurulent plug 
Aspiration 
Pulmonary fibrosis 
Tumor
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14
Q

Locates of resorption atelectasis

A

Single lobe

Entire lung

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15
Q

____ may be first sign of pulmonary malignancy

A

Resorption atelectasis

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16
Q

MC cause of compression atelectasis

A

Pleural effusion from advanced CHF

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17
Q

Compression atelectasis

A

Pleural cavity fills and compresses pulmonary air fields

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18
Q

Compression atelectasis can also be caused by

A

Hemothorax

Pneumothorax

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19
Q

Contraction atelectasis aka

A

Cicatrization atelectasis

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20
Q

Compression atelectasis aka

A

Passive atelectasis

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21
Q

Contraction atelectasis

A

Fibrotic changes restricting movement of thorax

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22
Q

___ atelectasis has limited recovery

A

Contraction

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23
Q

ARDS can result from what events?

A 
Severe pneumonia 
Physical trauma 
Aspiration of water 
Superheated gas inhalation 
Sepsis
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24
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

Respiratory failure after high traumatic event to lungs

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25
Lethal complications of ARDS occurs in
40% of patients
26
Factors for poorer prognosis in ARDS
Advanced age Sepsis Multiple organ failure
27
ARDS causes what appearance on x ray
Bilateral opacity
28
Necrosis of pulmonary epithelial from ARDS causes accumulation of WBCs, which form..
Fibrin rich hyaline membrane
29
2 types of lung disease
Obstructive Restrictive
30
Obstructive lung disease
Airflow resistance resulting in wheezing Low expiratory flow rate
31
4 obstructive lung diseases
Emphysema Chronic bronchitis Bronchiectasis Asthma
32
Restrictive lung disease
Decrease lung expansion Decreased FVC Normal expiration rate
33
Restrictive lung disease can be due to
Interstitial lung diseases | Chest wall disorders
34
Destroyed alveolar septa
Emphysema
35
Emphysema causes enlarged ___ which decrease ___
Acini Surface area
36
Diffuse alveolar damage observed in
ARDS
37
Inflammation in emphysema increases ___ and __ and decreases ___
Proteases and ROS Anti-proteases
38
Major risk for emphysema
Smoking Nicotine chemoatttractant
39
Types of emphysema
Centriacinar Panacinar
40
Centriacinar emphysema
MC type Destroys central acinus, spares distal Smoking MC risk
41
Panacinar emphysema
Uniform destruction of acini
42
Panacinar emphysema is ___ but ___ will accelerate
Genetic Smoking
43
____ deficiency observed in panacinar emphysema, which increases Protein breakdown
Alpha 1 antitrypsin
44
Emphysema and asthma most severely effect
Exhalation
45
Chronic bronchitis MC males age
40-65
46
Mucus hypersecretion, resulting in mucous gland Hypertrophy and hyperplasia is observed in
Chronic bronchitis
47
Definition of chronic bronchitis
Persistent productive cough, 3 consecutive months in 2 consecutive years
48
Symptoms of chronic bronchitis
Dyspnea Wheezing Cyanosis Weight gain
49
Yellow green sputum observed in
Chronic bronchitis
50
COPD composed of what 2 diseases
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
51
COPD effects what percent of US adults
10
52
COPD
Irreversible airflow obstruction resulting in prominent wheezing and possibly pulmonary HTN
53
Curschmann spirals
Spiral shaped mucus plug
54
Charcot- Leyden Crystals
Breakdown of eosinophils
55
Reversible airway obstruction
Asthma
56
Atopic asthma aka
Extrinsic asthma
57
MC form of asthma
Atopic
58
Childhood onset Family history Environmental allergens (type 1 hypersensitivity) All describe what
Atopic asthma
59
Atopic triad composed of
Eczema Atopic asthma Allergic rhinitis
60
Acute bronchitis
Viral
61
2 main risk factors for chronic bronchitis
Smoking | Air pollution
62
Non atopic asthma aka
Intrinsic asthma
63
Less common asthma type
Non atopic
64
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness Various stimuli including stress, cold air, exercise, aspirin, irritants All describe what
Non atopic asthma
65
Status asthmaticus
Acute severe asthma No response to bronchodilators or steroids Hypoxemia may be lethal
66
Permanent dilation of bronchi
Bronchiectasis
67
Hemoptysis and Purulent foul smelling sputum observed in
Bronchiectasis
68
Bronchiectasis located in
Lower lobes May be localized or bilateral
69
Kartagener Syndrome
Autosomal recessive Disease resulting in defective cilia from mutated dynein
70
Kartagener syndrome causes poor
Mucociliary clearance
71
Kartagener syndrome in Fallopian tubes
Female sterility
72
Kartagener syndrome in flagella of sperm
Males sterility
73
Asthma results in broncho___
Constriction
74
Acini become hyperinflated
Chronic asthma
75
Necrotizing infection that results in obstruction and destruction of CT/ musculature
Bronchiectasis
76
Large stimulus for bronchiectasis
Kartagener syndrome
77
Situs inverses
Inverted organs

Systems Path 1 (12 decks)

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