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Systems Path 1 > Exam 1: Cont. > Flashcards

Exam 1: Cont. Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital kyphosis caused by

A

Abnormalities during embryogenesis

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2
Q

Congenital kyphosis affects

A

Thoracic spine

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3
Q

Type 1 congenital kyphosis

A

Incomplete formation of one or more vertebral bodies

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4
Q

Type 1 congenital kyphosis can cause

A

Spinal compression

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5
Q

Type 2 congenital kyphosis

A

Failed segmentation of vertebral bodies

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6
Q

Type 2 congenital kyphosis MC in

A

Thoracic region

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7
Q

Severe spinal cord damage is ___ in type 2 congenital kyphosis

A

Less common

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8
Q

Most bone tumors are

A

Benign

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9
Q

As size increases, tumor can cause

A

Local tissue deformation
Pain
Weaken bone

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10
Q

Risk factors for LBP of cancerous origin

A 
>50 yo
History 
Cachexia
LBP not relieved with rest 
LBP >1 month 
Failure to improve
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11
Q

MC cancer in bone has ____ and is not____

A

Metastasized

Primary bone cancer

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12
Q

Types of bone forming CA

A

Osteoid osteoma

Osteoblastoma

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13
Q

Both types of bone forming Ca are

A

Benign

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14
Q

Osteoid osteoma size

A

<2cm

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15
Q

MC osteoid osteoma develop near

A

Cortex of bones in lower extremity

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16
Q

Sex 2X more likely to get osteoid osteoma

A

Males

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17
Q

Ages MC for osteoid osteoma

A

10-20

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18
Q

Tumor appearance in osteoid osteoma

A

Round/oval

Central nidus

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19
Q

Treatment for osteoid osteoma

A

Aspirin

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20
Q

Symptom of osteoid osteoma

A

Severe nocturnal pain

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21
Q

Osteoblastoma size

A

> 2cm

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22
Q

Osteoblastoma MC in what bone

A

Vertebral column

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23
Q

Osteoblastoma is ___ than osteoid osteoma

A

Less common

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24
Q

Osteoblastoma treatment

A

Surgical

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25
Q

Osteosarcoma is ___ and aggressive

A

Malignant

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26
Q

Osteosarcoma destroys periosteum and ____

A

Medullary cavity

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27
Q

10-20% of osteosarcomas Mets to

A

Lungs

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28
Q

___ and ___ mutations are common in osteosarcoma

A

RB and TP53

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29
Q

Retinoblastoma syndrome increases risk for

A

Osteosarcoma (1000X)

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30
Q

MC primary bone cancer

A

Osteosarcoma

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31
Q

Osteosarcoma affects ___ between ages ___

A

Adolescents

10-20

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32
Q

Secondary osteosarcoma affects >40 yo and associated with

A

Paget disease
AVN
Irradiation

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33
Q

Aggressive periosteal reactions

A

On X-ray, early lifting off of bone (codman triangle)

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34
Q

Secondary osteosarcoma has ___ response to treatment

A

Poor (fatal)

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35
Q

Location MC for osteosarcoma

A

Metaphysis of distal femur, proximal tibia, humerus

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36
Q

3 types of Cartilage forming tumors

A

Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
Chondrosarcoma

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37
Q

Osteochondroma is

A

Benign

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38
Q

Osteochondroma affects what cartilage

A

Hyaline

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39
Q

___ affected 3X more often in osteochondroma

A

Males

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40
Q

Age for osteochondroma

A

10-30

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41
Q

Forms of osteochondroma

A

Solitary

Multiple hereditary osteochondroma

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42
Q

Multiple hereditary osteochondroma

A

Familial mutated TSG

Childhood onset

Risk for malignant transformation

43
Q

Osteochondroma MC at

A

Knee

44
Q

Osteochondroma can be painful if

A

Fractured

Compress other tissues

45
Q

Enchondroma is ___ and effects what cartilage

A

Benign

Hyaline

46
Q

_____ is more rare that endochondroma

A

Juxtacortical chondroma

47
Q

Age for enchondroma

A

20-50

48
Q

Hallmark of enchondroma

A

Solitary lesions of hands (and feet)

49
Q

Multiple enchondroma aka

A

Ollier Disease

50
Q

Ollier Disease due to

A

Sporadic mutation

51
Q

2nd MC primary bone ca

A

Chondrosarcoma

52
Q

Age range for chondrosarcoma

A

40-60 yo

53
Q

____ rare in distal extremities

A

Chondrosarcoma

54
Q

“Stippled” or “popcorn” calcification common with

A

Chondrosarcoma

55
Q

High radiolucency means

A

Darker

56
Q

MC chondrosarcoma

A

Low grade

57
Q

Low grade chondrosarcoma

A

Thickens cortex

Slow growing

58
Q

High grade chondrosarcoma

A

Large mass

Erodes cortex

59
Q

70% of high grade chondrosarcoma Mets to

A

Lungs

60
Q

Fibrous or fibro-osseous Tumors

A

Fibrous cortical defect (FCD)

Fibrous Dysplasia

61
Q

Tumors with unique cells

A

Ewing sarcoma

Giant cell tumor of bone

62
Q

FCD >3 cm is called

A

Nonossifying fibroma (NOF)

63
Q

Both FCD and NOF are

A

Benign tumors of fibroblasts and macrophages

64
Q

FCD is very common, present in ___ of kids

A

40%

65
Q

NOF is more ___ than FCD

A

Rare

66
Q

FCD and NOF manifest ____ near cortex

A

Metaphysis or diaphysis

67
Q

Fibrous Dysplasia results from

A

Failed bony differentiation

68
Q

All fibrous Dysplasia is from

A

Spontaneous GNAS mutations

69
Q

MC fibrous Dysplasia

A

Monostotic FD

70
Q

Little or no body distortion is observed in which FD?

A

Monostotic FD

71
Q

Age range for monostotic FD

A

10-30 yo

72
Q

Age range of polyostotic FD

A

Late childhood/ adolescence

73
Q

Severe deformation, with craniofacial involvement, observed in which FD

A

Polyostotic FD

74
Q

“Shephard’s crook” and “ground glass” appearance typical of

A

Polyostotic FD

75
Q

McCune-Albright Syndrome has what components

A

Skeletal
Skin
Endocrinopathy

76
Q

Classic signs of McCune-Albright syndrome

A
  1. Unilateral bony lesions (femur and tibia)
  2. Cafe au lait spots on skin
  3. Precocious puberty
77
Q

Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) are variants of same

A

Malignancy

78
Q

2nd MC Pediatric bone CA

A

Ewing sarcoma

79
Q

10 % primary bone Ca

A

Ewing sarcoma

80
Q

Subset of Ewing sarcoma with neural differentiation

A

PNET

81
Q

PNET has ____

A

Homer-wright rosettes

82
Q

Ewing sarcoma age range

A

10-20 yo

83
Q

Ewing sarcoma primary affects ____

A

Caucasians

84
Q

Ewing sarcoma effects what region of bone

A

Diaphysis of long bones

85
Q

Ewing sarcoma can mimic

A

Infection

86
Q

Onion skinning observed in

A

Ewing sarcoma

87
Q

Granulomas

A

Collection of macrophages

88
Q

Giant cell tumor of bone composed of

A

Multinucleated giant cells

89
Q

Giant cell tumor of bone MC near

A

Knee

90
Q

Age range for giant cell tumor of bone

A

20-40

91
Q

Soap bubble appearance observed in

A

Giant cell tumor of bone

92
Q

Causes arthritis like pain

A

Giant cell tumor of bone

93
Q

Giant cell tumor of bone is osteolytic and

A

Eccentric (off to side)

94
Q

Giant cell tumor of bone : benign ____ malignant

A

>

95
Q

MC site of Mets to bone

A

Spine

96
Q

Sarcomas Mets

A

Hematogenous

97
Q

Carcinomas Mets

A

Lymphatics

98
Q

Location for Mets to bone

A

Red marrow

Axial skeleton

99
Q

Mets to bone can be lytic, blastic, or mixed, and ___ is most common

A

Mixed

100
Q

Lytic appears

A

Dark

101
Q

Blastic appears

A

Light

102
Q

In adults, prostate cancer is

A

Blastic

103
Q

In adults, breast ca is

A

Lytic

104
Q

In adults, lung ca is

A

Mixed

Systems Path 1 (12 decks)

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