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Systems Path 1 > Exam 2: Remaining Material > Flashcards

Exam 2: Remaining Material Flashcards

1
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Autoimmune attack on white matter

Plaque of demyelination

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2
Q

MS is a ____ hypersensitivity

A

Type 4

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3
Q

MC myelin disorder

A

MS

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4
Q

MS MC in

A

Young adult females

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5
Q

MS can occur where in CNS

A

Anywhere

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6
Q

Active MS

A

Ongoing breakdown

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7
Q

Inactive MS

A

Minimal inflammation

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8
Q

Features of MS

A

Visual impairments
Motor/sensory impairments
Bowl/bladder dysfunction

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9
Q

Treatment for MS

A

IV corticosteroids
Immunosuppression
CAM

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10
Q

2 types of thiamine deficiency

A

Wernicke-korsakoff Syndrome

Beriberi

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11
Q

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome common in

A

Chronic alcoholics

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12
Q

Wernicke korsakoff syndrome characteristics

A

Confusion
Confabulation
Swelling in brain
Amnesia

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13
Q

Beriberi

A

Lower extremity paralysis

Nystagmus

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14
Q

Cobalamin deficiency

A

Cord demyelination

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord

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15
Q

Hypoglycemia mimics

A

Global hypoxia

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16
Q

___ most susceptible to hypoglycemia

A

Hippocampus

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17
Q

Hyperglycemia MC due to

A

Uncontrolled diabetes

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18
Q

MC cause of dementia in elderly

A

AD

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19
Q

___ accumulate in brain in AD, and breakdown of neurons results in ___

A

Beta amyloid plagues

Tau proteins

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20
Q

AD patients MC die from

A

Pneumonia

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21
Q

MC death in Parkinson’s

A

Infections

Trauma

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22
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Altered motor function

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23
Q

Parkinson’s disease involved damage to ___, especially in ___

A

Dopaminergic neurons

Substantia nigra

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24
Q

Neuronal inclusions in Parkinson’s disease

A

Lewy bodies (alpha synuclein)

25
Symptoms of Parkinson’s
Festinating gait Cogwheel rigidity Pill rolling Expressionless
26
Treatment for Parkinson’s
L-DOPA | Deep brain stimulation
27
___ more severe than Parkinson’s
Lewy body dementia
28
___ is autosomal dominant disease involving trinucleotide repeat of ___
Huntington’s disease CAG
29
Huntington’s is inherited, and delayed onset, affecting ages ___
30-40
30
Huntington’s affects what part of brain
Caudate and putamen nuclei
31
Body wide chorea Dementia Insanity
Huntington’s
32
Lethal within 15 years, MC due to pneumonia, choking, suicide, injuries
Huntington’s
33
ALS
Degeneration of motor neurons Both LMN and UMN
34
ALS MC in
Males, age 40-50
35
Progressive denervation atrophy and fasciculations common in
ALS
36
Rapid progression and hyperreflexia, spasticity, but preservation of sensation and ocular motor function characteristic of
ALS
37
Most CNS tumors are
Primary CNS tumor
38
Most CNS tumors are non-resectable and have a __ prognosis
Poor
39
CNS tumors ____ Mets outside CNS
Rarely
40
3 types of gliomas
Astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma Ependymoma
41
Astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma are
Diffuse
42
Types of astrocytomas
Diffuse | Pilocytic
43
Diffuse astrocytomas are ___ and are 80% of adult gliomas
Malignant
44
Diffuse astrocytomas have ___ prognosis
Poor
45
Pilocytic astrocytomas are benign, MC in ___ and MC in what location
Children Cerebellum or spinal cord
46
Worst prognosis of CNS tumor
Glioblastoma
47
Oligodendroglioma can be benign or malignant, MC in ___ and MC in what location
Age 30-50 Frontal and temporal lobe
48
Ependymoma MC in
Pediatrics MC age 4
49
Ependymomas are in ____
Periventricular locations
50
Example of malignant embryonal neoplasm
Medulloblastoma
51
Medulloblastomas MC in ___ and what location
Kids Cerebellar (midline and infratentorial)
52
Primary CNS lymphoma
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
53
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is ___ , involves seeding in ventricles, and MC associated with ___
Aggressive AIDS
54
Most meningiomas are benign, but ___
Invasive
55
Meningiomas involve transformed
Arachnoid cells
56
Meningiomas MC affect
Adult females
57
Risks for meningiomas
NF2
58
Autosomal dominant gene that results in benign tumors throughout body
Tuberous sclerosis
59
Von hippel Lindau disease
Autosomal dominant hemangioblastomas, primarily in cerebellum

Systems Path 1 (12 decks)

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