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Systems Path 1 > Exam 2: Remaining Material > Flashcards

Exam 2: Remaining Material Flashcards

1
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Autoimmune attack on white matter

Plaque of demyelination

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2
Q

MS is a ____ hypersensitivity

A

Type 4

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3
Q

MC myelin disorder

A

MS

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4
Q

MS MC in

A

Young adult females

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5
Q

MS can occur where in CNS

A

Anywhere

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6
Q

Active MS

A

Ongoing breakdown

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7
Q

Inactive MS

A

Minimal inflammation

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8
Q

Features of MS

A

Visual impairments
Motor/sensory impairments
Bowl/bladder dysfunction

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9
Q

Treatment for MS

A

IV corticosteroids
Immunosuppression
CAM

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10
Q

2 types of thiamine deficiency

A

Wernicke-korsakoff Syndrome

Beriberi

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11
Q

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome common in

A

Chronic alcoholics

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12
Q

Wernicke korsakoff syndrome characteristics

A

Confusion
Confabulation
Swelling in brain
Amnesia

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13
Q

Beriberi

A

Lower extremity paralysis

Nystagmus

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14
Q

Cobalamin deficiency

A

Cord demyelination

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord

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15
Q

Hypoglycemia mimics

A

Global hypoxia

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16
Q

___ most susceptible to hypoglycemia

A

Hippocampus

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17
Q

Hyperglycemia MC due to

A

Uncontrolled diabetes

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18
Q

MC cause of dementia in elderly

A

AD

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19
Q

___ accumulate in brain in AD, and breakdown of neurons results in ___

A

Beta amyloid plagues

Tau proteins

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20
Q

AD patients MC die from

A

Pneumonia

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21
Q

MC death in Parkinson’s

A

Infections

Trauma

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22
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Altered motor function

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23
Q

Parkinson’s disease involved damage to ___, especially in ___

A

Dopaminergic neurons

Substantia nigra

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24
Q

Neuronal inclusions in Parkinson’s disease

A

Lewy bodies (alpha synuclein)

25
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Festinating gait
Cogwheel rigidity
Pill rolling
Expressionless

26
Q

Treatment for Parkinson’s

A

L-DOPA

Deep brain stimulation

27
Q

___ more severe than Parkinson’s

A

Lewy body dementia

28
Q

___ is autosomal dominant disease involving trinucleotide repeat of ___

A

Huntington’s disease

CAG

29
Q

Huntington’s is inherited, and delayed onset, affecting ages ___

30
Q

Huntington’s affects what part of brain

A

Caudate and putamen nuclei

31
Q

Body wide chorea
Dementia
Insanity

A

Huntington’s

32
Q

Lethal within 15 years, MC due to pneumonia, choking, suicide, injuries

A

Huntington’s

33
Q

ALS

A

Degeneration of motor neurons

Both LMN and UMN

34
Q

ALS MC in

A

Males, age 40-50

35
Q

Progressive denervation atrophy and fasciculations common in

36
Q

Rapid progression and hyperreflexia, spasticity, but preservation of sensation and ocular motor function characteristic of

37
Q

Most CNS tumors are

A

Primary CNS tumor

38
Q

Most CNS tumors are non-resectable and have a __ prognosis

39
Q

CNS tumors ____ Mets outside CNS

40
Q

3 types of gliomas

A

Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
Ependymoma

41
Q

Astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma are

42
Q

Types of astrocytomas

A

Diffuse

Pilocytic

43
Q

Diffuse astrocytomas are ___ and are 80% of adult gliomas

44
Q

Diffuse astrocytomas have ___ prognosis

45
Q

Pilocytic astrocytomas are benign, MC in ___ and MC in what location

A

Children

Cerebellum or spinal cord

46
Q

Worst prognosis of CNS tumor

A

Glioblastoma

47
Q

Oligodendroglioma can be benign or malignant, MC in ___ and MC in what location

A

Age 30-50

Frontal and temporal lobe

48
Q

Ependymoma MC in

A

Pediatrics MC age 4

49
Q

Ependymomas are in ____

A

Periventricular locations

50
Q

Example of malignant embryonal neoplasm

A

Medulloblastoma

51
Q

Medulloblastomas MC in ___ and what location

A

Kids

Cerebellar (midline and infratentorial)

52
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

53
Q

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is ___ , involves seeding in ventricles, and MC associated with ___

A

Aggressive

AIDS

54
Q

Most meningiomas are benign, but ___

55
Q

Meningiomas involve transformed

A

Arachnoid cells

56
Q

Meningiomas MC affect

A

Adult females

57
Q

Risks for meningiomas

58
Q

Autosomal dominant gene that results in benign tumors throughout body

A

Tuberous sclerosis

59
Q

Von hippel Lindau disease

A

Autosomal dominant hemangioblastomas, primarily in cerebellum

Systems Path 1 (12 decks)

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