Final Exam: Heart Flashcards
Heart overloaded by pressure
HTN heart disease
___ metabolic demands and no ___ in blood Supply causes eventual cardiac decompensation in
Increase
Increase
HTN heart disease
Systemic hypertensive heart disease
L side disease
Pulmonary hypertensive heart disease
R side disease
Types of hypertensive heart disease
Systemic
Pulmonary
Complications of systemic HTN heart disease
CHF
Arrhythmia
Stroke
Renal failure
LV hypertrophy causes
Increase in myocyte diameter and fibrosis
Types of pulmonary HTN heart disease
Acute
Chronic
Acute pulmonary HTN heart disease
Large PE (saddle embolism)
Obstructs >50% pulmonary A
Chronic pulmonary HTN heart disease
Prolonged lung pathology
Gradual Hypertrophy
Prevention of heart disease according to AHA
- Keep low BP
- Control cholesterol
- Keep low blood sugar
- Active
- Heart healthy diet
- Healthy body weight
- Don’t smoke
Systemic hypertensive heart disease can be reversible by
BP management
Pulmonary HTN heart disease due to
Lung pathology
CF, PE, pulmonary fibrosis, COPD
R sided heart failure due to something in lungs causing pulmonary HTN
Cor pulmonale
MC pulmonary HTN heart disease
Chronic
Murmur
Turbulent flow through disease valve
Thrill
Type of murmur
Turbulence that causes palpable vibration
Stenosis can be due to ___ or ___
Calcification
Fibrosis
Insufficiency of valves can be due to ___ or ___
Valvular destruction
Abnormal supportive structures
Valvular heart disease can be due to
Stenosis
Insufficiency
Murmurs
Common cause of murmur
Bicuspid aortic valve
2% of all live births
Early calcification.
MC cause of aortic valve stenosis
Calcific aortic stenosis
Late calcific aortic stenosis
LV Hypertrophy
Ca = severe stenosis
Early calcific aortic stenosis
Asymptomatic
Murmur, low CO
Calcific aortic stenosis MC in ages
70-80
Risks for calcific aortic stenosis
HTN
Infection
Inflammation
High cholesterol
___ can cause early onset (age 40) of calcific aortic stenosis
Bicuspid aortic valve
Rheumatic valvular disease causes eventual
Valve destruction
Rheumatic valvular Disease MC ages
5-15 due to pharyngitis (2-3 weeks post strep infection)
3% of untreated strep throat progresses to
Rheumatic fever
GABHS infection causes
Rheumatic valvular Disease
After strep throat exposure
Jones criteria for rheumatic fever
Joints (polyarteritis) Carditis Nodules Erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea
Erythema marginatum
Red rings on torso or limbs
Skin rash component of rheumatic fever
Migratory polyarteritis from RF MC in
Adults
Carditis from RF MC in
Children
Sydenham’s chorea observed in RF involves damage to
Corpus striatum of basal ganglia
Rheumatic mitral stenosis involves what appearance?
Fish-mouth or buttonhole
70% of cases of rheumatic valvular Disease involve
Mitral valve
25% of rheumatic valvular Disease involve
Aortic valve
What is most likely to cause valvular fusion?
Rheumatic valvular disease
T/F
Most cases of untreated strep cause rheumatic valvular disease
False
Aschoff bodies
Nodules formed with long term RVD
Scarlet fever MC in
Children