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Nutrition > Final Exam (Lipids) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Lipids) Flashcards

1
Q

Chain lengths of lipids

A
  • Short and medium chain fatty acids

- Long chain fatty acids

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2
Q

Short and medium chain fatty acids are transported in the blood via _______ and ___ require carnitine

A

Albumin

Don’t

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3
Q

Long chain fatty acid are transported in the blood via _______ and ____ require carnitine

A

Lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL)

Do

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4
Q

AMDR of Lipids

A

20-30% of our energy

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5
Q

Saturated fatty acid example

A

Hydrogenated oils

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6
Q

T/F LDL concentrations will be higher if saturated fats are present

A

True

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7
Q

Lipids produce __kcal/g

A

9

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8
Q

LDL and HDL concentration for a cis-MUFA

A

Low LDL
High HDL
(ideal)

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9
Q

LDL and HDL concentration for a trans-MUFA

A

Low HDL
High LDL
(Bad)

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10
Q

Example of a trans-MUFA

A

Partially hydrogenated oils

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11
Q

N-3 PUFA

A

EPA

DHA is made from this

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12
Q

What is produced if a COX enzyme reduces EPA?

A

3 series PG (Prostaglandin)

3 series TX (Thromboxanes)

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13
Q

What is produced if a LOX enzyme reduces EPA?

A

5 series LT (Leukotrienes)

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14
Q

N-6 PUFA

A

ARA

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15
Q

What is produced if a COX enzyme reduces ARA?

A

2 series PG

2 series TX

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16
Q

What is produced if a LOX enzyme reduces ARA?

A

4 series LT

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17
Q

What should we swap trans-MUFAs for?

A

MUFAs

PUFAs

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18
Q

Energy is obtained from lipids at:

A

Rest

Low intensity exercises

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19
Q

Lipids have a function in what part of the cell?

A

Membranes

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20
Q

During lipolysis, what is the rate limiting enzyme when turning TG into DG?

A

Adipose TG Lipase (ATGL)

21
Q

During lipolysis, what is the rate limiting enzyme when turning DG into MG?

A

Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL)

22
Q

During lipolysis, what is the rate limiting enzyme when turning MG into glycerol?

A

Monoglyceride Lipase (MGL)

23
Q

MUFA and PUFA are targeted by ____ and _____

A

ROS

RNS

24
Q

The RNS _______ is produced by ___

A

Nitric oxide

White Blood cells

25
Q

ROS

A
  • Superoxide
  • Singlet oxygen
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Hydroxyl radical
  • Peroxynitrite (ONOO-)
26
Q

Most potent ROS

A

Hydroxyl radical

27
Q

The hydroxyl radical is produced by ________ in response to _________

A

White blood cells

Tissue damage

28
Q

Superoxide is produced by _____ and ____ in the ________

A

White blood cell and Phase 1 detox enzymes

Electron Transport System

29
Q

Superoxide is quenched by ________

A

Superoxide dismutase

30
Q

Superoxide dismutase in the cytosol requires _______ to function while superoxide dismutase in the mitochondria requires ________ to function

A 
Cytosol = Copper
Mitochondria = Manganese
31
Q

Phase 1 detox enzyme that produces superoxide

A

Cytochrome P450

32
Q

ROS that can fragment DNA

A

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-)

33
Q

Peroxynitrite is formed by the formation of:

A

Superoxide

Nitric oxide

34
Q

Lipoprotein that carries dietary and endogenous lipids

A

VLDL

35
Q

VLDL is made in the ________ and carries mostly ________

A

Liver

Triglycerides

36
Q

Found on VLDL to activate lipoprotein lipase

A

ApoC-2

37
Q

Lipoprotein made from VLDL

A

LDL

38
Q

LDL contains mostly __________

A

Cholesterol

39
Q

LDL receptor ligand on LDL

A

ApoB-100

40
Q

Lipoprotein that carries only dietary lipids

A

Chylomicrons

41
Q

Chylomicrons carry mostly ________ and activate lipoprotein ligase via ______

A

Triglycerides

ApoC-2

42
Q

T/F Chylomicrons are made in the liver

A

FALSE.

They are made in the small intestine and transport TG to the liver

43
Q

Lipoprotein that carries mostly protein

A

HDL

44
Q

HDL is made in the:

A

Liver and small intestine

45
Q

LDL receptor ligand found on HDL

A

ApoE

46
Q

Found on HDL. Used to activate an enzyme to pick up free cholesterol

A

ApoA-1

47
Q

Enzyme activated by HDL to pick up free cholesterol

A

LCAT

48
Q

T/F Activation of LCAT will cause HDL to pick up cholesterol esters

A

FALSE.

LCAT will only pick up FREE cholesterol when activated. Cholesterol esters are not free, so they will not be picked up

Nutrition (11 decks)

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