Final Exam (Body Composition) Flashcards
BMI healthy range
18.5 - 24.9 kg/m^2
BMI preobese range
25 - 29.9 kg/m^2
BMI obese I range
30-34.9 kg/m^2
BMI obese II range
35-39.9 kg/m^2
BMI obese III range
> 40 kg/m^2
Better indications of health than BMI
- Waist circumference
- Waist to hip ratio
- Waist to height ratio
Unhealthy waist circumferences in men and women
Men = >40 inches Women = >35 inches
What body shape is a waist circumference >40 inches associated with?
Android
Unhealthy waist to hip ratios in men and women
Men = >0.95 Women = >0.8
What body shape is a waist to hip ration of >0.8 associated with?
Gynoid
Unhealthy waist to height ratio
> 0.5 (men and women)
Fat free mass is found in these tissues
Muscle
Bone
Fluid
Makes up the fat mass
Essential fat
Storage fat
Most accurate way to evaluate fat mass
DEXA
Examples of intake for energy balance
Food
Beverages
Supplements
Examples of output for energy balance
Metabolism
Thermic effect of food
Activity level
Majority of energy use is for this
Metabolism
Minimum Cal required to metabolism in men and women
Men = 1,600 Cal Women = 1,200 Cal
What nutrients require the least and most amount of Cal to process (thermic effect of food)?
Most = Protein Least = Fats
Hunger suppressors
- Leptin
- CCK
- Insulin
Hunger stimulator
Ghrelin
_________ is used for body temperature regulation
Brown adipose
Down sides of white adipose tissue
- Inflammation
- Causes low HDL
- Adipotoxicity
- Feminization
- Makes free Fatty acids
What protein released from white adipose tissue causes low HDL?
Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) (binds VLDL and HDL)
Cytokines released causing inflammation from white adipose tissue
IL-6
TNF-alpha
PGE2
What in white adipose tissue can cause someone to undergo feminization?
Aromatase
What in white adipose tissue causes the formation of free fatty acids?
Lipoprotein lipase
How does lipoprotein lipase contribute to adipotoxicity?
Lipoprotein lipase creates lots of free fatty acids. The free fatty acids start to accumulate in non-adipose tissues causing adipotoxicity
Makes up the female triad
1) Bone loss
2) Amenorrhea
3) Eating disorder
Disorder of restrictive eating
Anorexia nervosa
Classic signs of anorexia nervosa
1) Marasmus
2) Lanugo (down like hair on the body)
Disorder of binging and purging
Bulimia nervosa
Classic signs of bulimia nervosa
1) Ulcers
2) Dental decay
Eating non-food items
Pica
Pica is a symptom is what?
Mineral deficiency (like iron)
What kind of Pica is associated with an iron deficiency?
Eating ice chips
