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Nutrition > Exam 2 (Ultratrace mineral [I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, As, B, Ni, Si]) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Ultratrace mineral [I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, As, B, Ni, Si]) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes a mineral an ultratrace mineral?

A

Require

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2
Q

Ultratrace minerals

A

I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, As, B, Ni, Si

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3
Q

Cofactor of Se

A

Selenoproteins

1) Selenocysteine
2) Selenomethioine

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4
Q

Selenoproteins are required for the enzymes ____________ which is used to convert _________ to ________

A 
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
T4 to T3
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5
Q

Cofactor of Se used to remove this free radical

A

Selenoprotein P is used to remove the radical peroxynitrite (ONOO-)

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6
Q

Location of glutathione peroxidase

A

Plasma and cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells

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7
Q

Sources of Se

A
  • Brazil nuts (#1)
  • Seafood
  • Meat
  • Whole grains
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8
Q

T/F Sources of Se are not highly dependent on soil concentrations

A

FALSE

They ARE highly dependent on soil concentrations

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9
Q

Condition occurs when people have a Se deficiency and become infected with the Coxsackie virus

A

Keshan’s disease

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10
Q

Symptoms of Keshan’s disease

A

Cardiomyopathy in children and women

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11
Q

Condition occurs when people have a Se deficiency and are infected with a possible viral infection

A

Kashin-Beck’s disease

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12
Q

Symptoms of Kashin-Beck’s disease

A
  • Stiffness
  • Swelling and pain in finger joints
  • Osteoarthritis
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13
Q

Se Toxicity name

A

Selenosis

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14
Q

Symptoms of Selenosis

A
  • Hair and nail brittleness
  • Tooth decay
  • GI upset
  • Mutagenic conditions
  • Can be lethal
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15
Q

Biomarker for Selenosis

A

Hair and nail brittleness

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16
Q

RQ: Which selenium deficiency is associated with cardiomyopathy?

A

Keshan’s disease

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17
Q

RQ: What is the best source of Se?

A

Brazil nuts

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18
Q

RQ: Does Se behave as an AOX in vivo?

A

No

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19
Q

Functions of Cr

A
  • Insulin actions (helps secretion and binding)
  • Part of glucose tolerance factor (GTF)
  • Influences macronutrient metabolism
20
Q

High levels sources of Cr

A
  • Potatoes (#1)
  • Yeast
  • Oysters
  • Liver
21
Q

T/F

A

True

22
Q

Symptoms of Cr deficiency

A
  • Insulin resistance

- High plasma free fatty acid concentrations

23
Q

T/F Cr is an excellent supplement to recommend for diabetic patients. All evidence has shown to help manage glucose levels

A

FALSE.
Controversial = mixed results

hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)] supplements have been shown to cause DNA damage

24
Q

T/F Cr is an excellent supplement to recommend for diabetic patients. All evidence has shown to help manage glucose levels

A

FALSE.
Controversial = mixed results

hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)] supplements have been shown to cause DNA damage

25
Q

Symptoms of Cr toxicity

A

Skin lesions

Cancer

26
Q

RQ: Cr is involved with secretion of ______

A

Insulin

27
Q

RQ: What is a poor source of Cr?

1) Oysters
2) Potatoes
3) Shrimp
4) Apples

A

4) Apples

28
Q

Function of Iodide

A

Thyroid hormones (required for synthesis of T4 and T3)

29
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine

30
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

31
Q

Sources of I

A
  • Seafood (#1)

- Iodized salt

32
Q

Proteins in food that bind I, prohibiting their absorption

A

Goitrogens

33
Q

T/F Goitrogens are not inactivated by cooking

A

FALSE.

They are inactivated by cooking

34
Q

Symptoms of an I deficiency

A
  • Goiter
  • Cretinism (in utero deficiency)
  • Poor cognition
35
Q

Symptoms of an I toxicity

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Burning of mouth and throat
  • Diarrhea
  • Fever
  • Goiter
  • Hyper- or Hypothyroidism
36
Q

RQ: How many I molecules are part of thyroxine?

A

4

37
Q

RQ: What is an indicator of an I deficiency?

1) Goiter
2) Fever
3) Nausea
4) Vomiting

A

1) Goiter

38
Q

Functions of Manganese

A

Cofactor for:

1) Transferases (proteoglycan synthesis)
2) Hydrolyases (collagen digestion)
3) Lyase (conversion of OAA to PEP)
4) Oxidoreductase (removal of superoxide by superoxide dismutase in the mitochondria)
5) Ligase (conversion of pyruvate to OAA)

39
Q

Sources of Mn

A

-Whole grains
-Legumes
-Nuts
-Coffee
-Tea
(Plant sources)

40
Q

Symptoms of a Mn deficiency

A
  • Dermatitis
  • Decreased growth of hair and nails
  • Change in hair color
  • Weight loss
  • Convulsions
  • Sterility
41
Q

Symptoms of a Mn deficiency

A
  • Dermatitis
  • Decreased growth of hair and nails
  • Change in hair color
  • Weight loss
  • Convulsions
  • Sterility
42
Q

Functions of Molybdenum

A

Cofactor for:

1) Sulfite oxidase (metabolizes cysteine and methionine and synthesis of sulfate from sulfite)
2) Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid)

43
Q

What does Xanthine oxidase create that is associated with reperfusion injury?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

44
Q

Sources of Mo

A

-Legumes
-Whole grains
-Dairy
-Dark green leafy vegetables
(Plant products)

45
Q

Symptoms of a Mo deficiency

A

Neurologic symptoms

46
Q

Symptoms of a Mo toxicity

A

Gout

Nutrition (11 decks)

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