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Forensic Biology > Final Exam Cumulative Portion > Flashcards

Final Exam Cumulative Portion Flashcards

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1
Q

Frye Standard

A
  • general acceptance standard
  • the court must determine whether or not the method by which that evidence was obtained was generally accepted by experts in the particular field in which it belongs
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2
Q

Daubert Standard

A

is the evidence relevant or reliable

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3
Q

Daubert: different factors to determine whether the methodology is reliable

A
  • the theory or technique can & has been tested
  • whether is has been peer viewed or published
  • its known or potential error rate
  • existence & maintained standards controlling its operation
  • attracted widespread acceptance within a relevant scientific community
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4
Q

high priority collection at a crime scene

A
  • body & things on it, footprints/fingerprints, anything with DNA, easily disturbed evidence, and biological material
  • anything wet must be dried
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5
Q

is a coroner a physician?

A

usually, but not required

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6
Q

does a coroner investigate death?

A

yes

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7
Q

does a coroner determine COD?

A

yes

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8
Q

does a coroner provide death certificate?

A

yes

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9
Q

is a coroner appointed or elected?

A

either

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10
Q

is a coroner required to be a pathologist?

A

no

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11
Q

is a medical examiner required to be a physician?

A

almost always

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12
Q

is a medical examiner required to be a pathologist?

A

yes

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13
Q

is a medical examiner appointed or elected?

A

appointed

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14
Q

does a medical examiner investigate death?

A

yes

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15
Q

does a medical examiner determine COD?

A

yes

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16
Q

does a medical examiner provide a death certificate?

A

yes

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17
Q

sharp force wounds

A
  • incised wound
  • stab wound
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18
Q

incised wound

A
  • clean edges
  • no bridges
  • longer than deep
  • lack of brusing
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19
Q

stab wound

A
  • puncture wound
  • deeper than wide
  • some bruising
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20
Q

blunt force injury

A
  • bruise
  • lacerations
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21
Q

bruise

A

caused from blood escaping from damaged vessels

22
Q

lacerations

A
  • sufficient force to overstretch the skin to the point of tearing
  • most common in skin over bone
23
Q

gunshot wounds

A
  • contact
  • intermediate range
  • distant range
24
Q

contact gunshot wound

A
  • muzzle imprint
  • narrow ring of soot
  • ballooning/lacerations of surrounding skin
25
Q

intermediate range gunshot wound

A
  • wider zone of power stippling
  • lack laceration
  • lack of muzzle imprint
26
Q

distant range gunshot wound

A
  • lack stippling
  • hole size = caliber size
27
Q

factors affecting the degree of bruising

A
  • how hard hit
  • material hit with
  • what body part was hit
  • blood flow/disorder
  • surface area hit
  • mediactions
  • age
28
Q

degree of bruising color

A

hemoglobin -> biliverdin -> bilirubin

29
Q

K+ content of the vitreous humor used to estimate PMI

A
  • vitreous humor is an extracellular fluid
  • has a low K+ content maintained in life by pumps
  • after death, the pump stops and the membrane gets leaky, so K+ moves down its concentration gradient
30
Q

3 subfields of forensic entomology

A
  • stored products
  • urban entomology
  • medicolegal
31
Q

stored products

A
  • insects infesting food stuffs
  • the cause/source of contamination/infestation
32
Q

what can be determined by stored products entomology?

A
  • type of insect
  • where the infestation occurred
  • what is at fault?
  • development rate
  • opportunities
33
Q

urban entomology

A
  • insects that affect people & property
  • the cause/source of contamination/infestation
  • help determine who is at fault
34
Q

medicolegal

A

focus on necrophages (death eating) insects that typically infest/colonize human remains

35
Q

determining minimum number of individuals

A
  • check if its human bone
  • look if appendage bones are left or right
  • look at number of leg bones or arm bones: more than 2 pairs, more than 1 person
36
Q

area of convergence

A
  • the area containing the intersections generated by lines drawn through the long axes of individual stains
  • 2D
37
Q

area of origin

A

3D location from which the splatter originated

38
Q

difference between area of convergence & area of origin

A

convergence 2D
origin 3D

39
Q

force that produces high velocity blood splatter

A

external force greater than 100 ft/sec

40
Q

high velocity blood splatter stains

A
  • mist
  • less than 1 mm
41
Q

what causes high velocity blood splatter

A
  • gun or explosives
  • industrial machinery
  • coughing or sneezing
42
Q

high velocity blood splatter distance

A

travel the shortest distance because of the resistance of the air against their small mass

43
Q

medium velocity blood splatter force

A

an external force between 5-25 feet/sec

44
Q

medium velocity blood splatter stains

A

1 to 3 mm

45
Q

medium velocity blood splatter

A
  • most created by blood flying from a body to a surface as a result of blunt or sharp force trauma
  • the body colliding with rounded or edged surfaces/vehicles
46
Q

low velocity blood splatter force

A
  • less than 5 feet/sec
  • normal gravity
47
Q

low velocity blood splatter stains

A
  • 3 mm or larger
  • dripping blood falls at 90° and forms a 360° circular stain
48
Q

low velocity blood splatter

A
  • results from blood dripping from a person walking or running
  • dripping from blood weapon
49
Q

pathological features of asphyxia

A
  • cells don’t receive oxygen
  • cells receive oxygen but can’t use it
  • cells are unable to eliminate CO2
50
Q

cyanosis

A
  • condition of being blue
  • no oxygen makes hemoglobin darker
51
Q

petechiae

A
  • blood vessels burning
  • comes from pressure on views or arteries
52
Q
A

Forensic Biology (17 decks)

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