Final Exam

Question 1

Mand

Answer 1

A request, demand, statement, etc. from a speaker in order to obtain a need or want;

the verbal response is under the functional control of an MO and followed by specific reinforcement.

(The mand gets the speaker reinforcers such as edibles, toys, attention, or the removal of aversive stimuli.)

Question 2

Tact

Answer 2

Naming things or actions that the speaker has direct contact with through any of the sense modes;

the verbal response is under the functional control of a nonverbal discriminative stimulus,

and it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement.

Question 3

Echoic

Answer 3

A speaker’s repetition of the verbal behavior of another speaker;

controlled by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the verbal response, and which

produces generalized conditioned reinforcement (praise or attention).

Question 4

Intraverbal

Answer 4

Differential response to the verbal behavior of others;

consists of a verbal stimulus without point-to-point correspondence or formal similarity with the response, and which

produces generalized conditioned reinforcement.

Question 5

Textual

Answer 5

Reading, without any implication of comprehension;

consists of a verbal stimulus with point-to-point correspondence but not formal similarity with the verbal response, and which

produces generalized conditioned reinforcement.

Question 6

Transcription

Answer 6

Writing or spelling spoken words;

consists of a verbal stimulus with point-to-point correspondence but not formal similarity with the verbal response, and which

produces generalized conditioned reinforcement.

Question 7

Develop Echoics to Train Mands

Answer 7

1. In the presence of a strong MO, present a nonverbal stimulus along with an echoic prompt.
2. Differentially reinforce successive approximations to the correct response.
3. Fade the echoic prompt to transfer control of the verbal response to the MO and nonverbal stimulus.
4. Fade the nonverbal stimulus to transfer control of the verbal response to the MO only.

Potential Barriers:
Speech and language delays
Weak MO conditions
Additional, unwanted sources of response control (nonverbal stimuli)