Final Exam Flashcards

(126 cards)

1
Q

What conditions produce a microcytic/hypochromic blood picture? (6)

A

thalassemia, Cooley’s anemia, iron deficiency, sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning, hookworm infection

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1
Q

How is a Downey cell described?

A

scalloping around the RBCs

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1
Q

What is the end result of stage I?

A

plasma thromboplastin

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2
Q

What are the TIBC results in IDA?

A

increased

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3
Q

What type of leukemia is indicated by increased incidence of bleeding disorders?

A

APL

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3
Q

What condition would be described as acute granulocytopenia?

A

agranulocytosis (neutropenia)

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4
Q

What are the tests useful in the diagnosis of DIC?

A

bleeding time, PT and PTT, platelet count, factors I, V, and VIII

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5
Q

What type of leukemia is indicated by presence of myelomonocytes?

A

AMML

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5
Q

What is the immediate response to vessel injury?

A

vasoconstriction

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5
Q

What is the tourniquet test?

A

measures capillary fragility

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5
Q

What is the use for Lee-White clotting time?

A

monitors heparin therapy

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6
Q

What is the name for Factor X?

A

Stuart Prower

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6
Q

What is the final end products of the breakdown of fibrin and of fibrinogen?

A

fragment E and two D-fragments

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7
Q

What factors do the intrinsic and extrinsic systems have in common?

A

I, II, V, X

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8
Q

What is the name for Factor IV?

A

calcium

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8
Q

What is the thrombin time test?

A

measures the availability of fibrinogen

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8
Q

What is the factor for which the Stypven time is most useful?

A

Factor VII

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9
Q

What are the intrinsic factors?

A

I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

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9
Q

What are the adsorbed plasma factors?

A

I, V, VIII, XI, XII

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9
Q

What is the principle of the coagulyzer or MLA?

A

formation of clot changes optical density of light detected by photoelectric cell and shuts off the timer

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9
Q

What test will distinguish between primary and secondary fibrinolysis?

A

D-Dimer and protamine sulfate test

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11
Q

What are the serum iron results in IDA?

A

decreased

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12
Q

What does the PBS of a patient with IDA show?

A

microcytic/hypochromic cells

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12
Q

What is the name for Factor IX?

A

Christmas factor

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12
Which factor that is not made in the liver is increased in liver disease?
VIII
13
What plasminogen activators are now being used to treat heart attack and stroke victims?
tPA, streptokinase, urokinase
14
What are the causes of bleeding? (4)
trauma, decreased plasma clotting factor synthesis, DIC, genetic defects
14
What are the factors which can influence clot retraction?
fibrinogen level, platelet count must be normal, thromboplastin VI
15
What portion of the red blood cells is damaged leading to the formation of burr cells and thorn cells?
membrane
15
What are the laboratory findings in PCH?
+ DAT, + Donath Landsteiner, symptoms occur after exposure to cold
15
What is the effect of aspirin on testing, especially the bleeding time and Saltzmann glass bead test?
increases it
16
What is another word for thromboplastin VI?
thrombosthenin
16
What are the characteristics of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia?
abnormal platelet function
17
What are the laboratory findings in Hodgkin's disease?
increased eos, decreased lymphs, increased monos, Reed-Sternberg cell
17
What are the characteristics of Hemophilia B?
IX deficiency, increased PTT, Christmas disease
18
What are the labile factors?
V, VIII
20
What type of leukemia is indicated by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML
20
What are the factors that do not have an enzymatically active form?
V and VIII
21
What type of leukemia is indicated by the presence of "hyper mature lymphs" and smudge cells?
CLL
22
What level must be reached for a clotting factor to cause an abnormality in coagulation?
must get below 30-40% to be abnormal
23
What is the mode of action of heparin?
neutralizes thrombin
24
What is the factor deficiency that would be incompatible with life?
IV
25
What does ITP stand for?
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
26
What will PTT not detect?
platelet abnormality
28
What conditions produce a macrocytic/ normochromic picture? (6)
pernicious anemia, folate deficiency, B12 deficiency, liver disease, alcoholism, D. latum infection
29
What is the name for Factor XII?
Hageman's factor
31
What are the distinguishing characteristics of hereditary ovalocytosis?
ovalocytes are seen, does not need bone marrow to confirm, normal central pallor
32
What is meant by platelet adhesion?
sticks to surfaces
33
What reagents can be used to prepare adsorbed plasma?
Al(OH)3 and BaSO4
35
What are the typical laboratory findings in acute leukemia?
anemia, thrombocytopenia, young cells
36
What comprises the initial plug in the wall of an injured vessel?
platelets
38
What type of leukemia is indicated by extreme thrombocytosis?
CML
39
What is the use of the prothrombin consumption test?
measures amount of prothrombin remaining in serum after clotting
41
What body fluid is used for the Schilling test?
urine
42
What is another name for heterozygous alpha thalassemia?
Hgb H disease
43
What is the end result of stage III?
fibrin
44
What is the substance which converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
thrombin
45
What is the use of the euglobulin lysis?
fibrinolytic activity
46
What causes relative polycythemia?
stress, dehydration
47
What is the precursor of thrombin?
prothrombin
47
What deficiency is PT especially sensitive to?
deficiency in Factor VII
48
What is plasma recalcification time?
amount of time required for a clot to form in plasma after you add the calcium back
50
What is the name for Factor II?
prothrombin
52
What are the typical findings in the PBS in pernicious anemia or vitamin B12 deficiency? (6)
pancytopenia, oval macrocytes, hypersegs, NRBCs, Howell-Jolly bodies, basophilic stippling
53
What leukemia is most frequently seen in patients over the age of 50?
CLL
54
What factor deficiency causes an increased bleeding time?
Factor VIII deficiency
55
What is the name for Factor VIII?
anti-hemophilic factor
56
What is the substance which initiates the extrinsic system?
tissue factor III
58
What type of leukemia is indicated by positive chloroacetate esterase stain?
AMML
59
What is the "end stage" of DiGuglielmo's syndrome?
AML
60
What are the hemoglobin electrophoresis results in sickle cell anemia
Hgb S and F
62
Which chain of the hemoglobin molecule is abnormal in hemoglobin C disease, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia major?
Beta chain
63
What are the vitamin K dependent factors?
II, VII, IX, X
64
What is the LE factor?
anti-nucleoprotein IgG antibody
66
What is the specific cause of thalassemia?
decreased rate of synthesis of either alpha or beta chain
67
What is the substance which initiates the intrinsic system?
PF III
68
What is the name for Factor XI?
plasma thromboplastin antecedent
69
What poikilocyte is associated with extra medullary hematopoiesis?
tear drop cells
71
What is the name for Factor V?
labile factor
72
What is the name for Factor III?
tissue thromboplastin
73
How do you distinguish between Hemophilia A and VonWillebrand's disease?
bleeding time
75
What test is the most reliable assessment of the effective erythroid activity of the bone marrow?
retic count
76
What does the PBS of a patient with sickle cell trait usually show?
occasional target cells
77
What is AMML also referred to as?
Naegli's leukemia
79
What is the most unusual and significant finding in patients suffering from AIHA?
positiva DAT
79
What are the laboratory findings in multiple myeloma?
occasional plasma cell, Bence-Jones protein in the urine, rouleaux, increased ESR
80
What hemoglobin in insoluble in reducing agents such as sodium dithionite and sodium metabisulfite?
Hgb S
80
What are the characteristics of ITP?
due to anti-platelet antibodes
81
Can Hemophilia A and B be clinically differentiated?
no, not without further testing
82
What are the characteristics of Hemophilia A?
VIII deficiency, sex linked, increased PTT
84
What is meant by platelet aggregation?
platelets stick to each other
85
What is the the Schilling test?
indirect measure of intrinsic factor for pernicious anemia
86
What is substitution testing?
narrow down clotting factors that may be deficient
87
What factors are removed when plasma is adsorbed?
II, VII, IX, X
89
What is the principle of the fibrometer?
formation of the clot completes the circuit and turns off the timer
90
What disease is indicated by a positive ANA?
SLE lupus
91
What type of leukemia is indicated by positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain?
ALL
91
What factor does the 5 M urea test detect?
Factor XIII
93
What are the typical findings in the bone marrow in pernicious anemia or vitamin B12 deficiency? (4)
megaloblasts, big WBC precursors (giant bands, metas)
94
What are the characteristics of hereditary telangiectasia?
vascular defect
96
What abnormalities could be indicated by an increased PTT?
liver disease, any of the hemophilias, circulating anticoagulant
98
What are the components which are depleted in DIC?
I, V, VIII, platelets
100
What are macropolycytes?
large cells with 5-7 lobes in nucleus
102
What are the aged serum factors?
II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
103
What is the normal values for fibrinogen?
200-400 mg/dL
104
What is viscous metamorphosis?
irreversible platelet aggregation
106
What is another name for tissue factor III?
tissue thromboplastin
107
What is the mode of action of coumadin?
anti-vitamin K
108
Which platelet factor is most instrumental in the clotting process?
factor III
108
What is the end result of stage II?
thrombin
109
What type of leukemia is indicated by Auer rods and a positive peroxidase stain?
AML
110
What are the liver factors?
all except factor VIII
111
What test is used to monitor heparin?
PTT
112
What is anti-thrombin III?
heparin cofactor, must have for heparin to work
113
What are the components of thromboplastin?
Xa, PF III, Ca ions, V
115
What poikilocyte is associated with ABO HDN?
spherocytes
116
What are the extrinsic factors?
I, II, V, VII, X
117
With what conditions is a decreased LAP associated?
CML, AML, increased leukemoid reactions
118
What test is used to monitor coumadin?
PT
119
What is the name for Factor I?
Fibrinogen
121
What are the characteristics of VonWillebrand's disease
increased PTT, increased bleeding time, platelet abnormality
122
What is the activated substance responsible for clot lysis?
plasmin
123
What are the characteristics of parahemophilia?
Factor V deficiency
124
What type of cells might be expected to be found in the bone marrow of a leukemic patient?
same cells as in PBS
125
What is another name for homozygous alpha thalassemia?
Bart's disease
126
What is the normal value for thrombin time?
15-20 seconds