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Hematology > Clinical Hematology Final > Flashcards

Clinical Hematology Final Flashcards

1
Q

Normal values for WBC

A

4.0-10.5x10^5

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2
Q

Normal values for RBC

A

4.35-4.55x10^6

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3
Q

Normal values for Hgb for females

A

12.0-15.5

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4
Q

Normal values for Hgb for males

A

13.5-17.0

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5
Q

Normal values for Hct for female

A

36.0-47.0

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6
Q

Normal values for Hct for males

A

37.9-51.0

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7
Q

Normal values for platelets

A

150,000-450,000

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8
Q

What factors increase the ESR?

A

anemia, infections, pregnancy, carcinoma, alcoholism, multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia

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9
Q

What factors decrease the ESR?

A

polycythemia, sickle cell, spherocytosis

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10
Q

What is the chief use of the osmotic fragility test?

A

determines the ability of the RBCs to withstand hypo-osmotic solutions and membrane defects

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11
Q

What test is best to use to differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous sickle cell disease

A

Hub electrophoresis

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12
Q

How are reticulocytes stained?

A

new methylene blue

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13
Q

What is the use of the reticulocyte test to the physician?

A

to determine RBC production in certain disease states; diagnosing and monitoring anemia

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14
Q

In what condition would one expect to see an increased retic count?

A

hemorrhage, post-splenectomy, hemolytic anemias

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15
Q

In what condition would one expect to see a decreased retic count?

A

bone marrow suppression due to toxic environmental substances, chemotherapy, and radiation

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16
Q

Red cell morphology for increased MCV

A

macro

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17
Q

Red cell morphology for decreased MCV

A

micro

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18
Q

Red cell morphology for decreased MCHC

A

hypochromic

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19
Q

Red cell morphology for increased RDW

A

aniso

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20
Q

With what condition are burr cells associated?

A

toxic states, GI bleeding, and chronic renal disease or uremic poisoning

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21
Q

In what condition is punctate basophilia frequently seen

A

lead poisoning, increased erythropoiesis, various anemias and leukemia

22
Q

With what condition are Heinz bodies most closely associated?

A

G6PD

23
Q

What is the most prominent feature in a blood smear from a patient with ABO HDN?

A

spherocytes

24
Q

What values must be known in order calculate the MCV?

A

RBCs and Hct

25
Q

What values must be known in order calculate the MCH?

A

RBCs and Hgb

26
Q

What values must be known in order calculate the MCHC

A

Hit and Hgb

27
Q

Describe the blood smear of IDA

A

hypo/micro, aniso and poik, target cells, burr cells, oval

28
Q

Describe the blood smear of folic acid deficiency

A

macro/normo, oval macro, hypersegs, aniso/poik, pancytopenia, HJ bodies, NRBCs, basophilic stippling, cabot rings

29
Q

What are the causes of aplastic anemia?

A

bone marrow suppression, failure or replacement

30
Q

What is a common characteristic of all hemolytic anemias?

A

marked increase in retic count

31
Q

What is an unusual finding that is a means of differentiating AIHA from other hemolytic anemias?

A

DAT

32
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

decreased concentrations of all blood cells

33
Q

What is the appearance of a plasma cell?

A

eccentric nucleus, strongly basophilic cytoplasm

34
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of Hodgkin’s disease?

A

leukocytosis and eosinophilia

35
Q

What are the normal features from a newborn

A

NRBCs, polychromasia, immatures, ATLs

36
Q

What serves to stain eosinophils for a eosinophil count?

A

phyloxine

37
Q

What serves to lyse other WBCs in a eosinophil count?

A

NaCO3

38
Q

What serves to lyse other RBCs in a eosinophil count?

A

propylene glycol

39
Q

What condition cannot absolutely be diagnosed without a bone marrow aspirate?

A

pernicious anemia

40
Q

What must be seen in a bone marrow aspirate to diagnose pernicious anemia?

A

megaloblasts

41
Q

What is the chief use of the LAP?

A

differentiation of acute and chronic leukemias, particularly CML

42
Q

What is the most common leukemia in children?

A

ALL

43
Q

Which leukemia frequently presents with a greatly increased platelet count?

A

CML

44
Q

How are PNH and PCH diagnosed in the lab?

A

DAT

45
Q

What type of hemolysis is PNH?

A

intravascular

46
Q

What type of hemolysis is PCH?

A

extravascular

47
Q

Which layer of the blood is used for making and LE prep?

A

buffy coat

48
Q

Which group of disorders is classified by the FAB?

A

leukemia

49
Q

What is the normal MCV value?

A

80-100 fL

50
Q

What is the normal MCH value?

A

27-31 pg

51
Q

What is the normal MCHC?

A

32-36 g/dL

52
Q

What is the normal RDW?

A

11-15%

Hematology (8 decks)

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