final exam - 3 Flashcards
true or false: A bilingual person with brain damage may show deficits in one or both languages they speak, depending on the location of the damage
true
If a person had a condition that disrupted their ability to understand prosody, which deficit is most likely to be seen?
not understanding when speaker is being sarcastic
In which type of aphasia is characterized by people unable to repeat nonsense words and replacing words with similar ones when repeating a sentence back?
conduct aphasia
true or false: people w Wernicke’s Aphasia speak fluently and grammatically
true
true or false: people w pure Alexia cannot read bc written words have lost their meaning; they can see the words on the paper but they are meaningless scribbles
true
true or false: people w phonological dyslexia have difficult reading unfamiliar words due to inability to sound out words
true
where you are unable to pronounce new words or write them out
phonological dysgraphia
if asked verbally to point out a picture of a chicken what disorder would make that difficult
wernicke’s aphasia and pure word deafness
what is phonagnosia
inability too recognize the identity of a known speaker fro vocal cues
Which type of aphasia results in patients omitting words like “of”, “and”, “have”, etc.?
brocas aphasia
When is someone who stutters most likely to stutter?
at the start or initiation of speech
true or false: those w surface dyslexia have deficit in whole word reading, they listen to their readings to best understand
true
when you hear “meow” and think of a cat
relational learning
Eric has suffered a traumatic brain injury that has impacted his memory. He has problems remembering the several hours before his injury. Which type of amnesia is Eric experiencing?
retrograde amnesia
In the Little Albert experiment, the loud, frightening sound that caused Little Albert to cry was the ____________________.
unconditioned stimulus
Roughly how many things can be held in short term memory at one time with active rehearsal?
8-10
Which is one of the main areas of the brain that is known to have neurogenesis in adults?
hippocampus
You are reading a book and your friend comes up to you to ask you a question. You missed their question and ask them to repeat themselves. However, you then hear the echo of their voice in your head and realize what they asked you and respond before they can ask again. The ability to hear their voice even after they stopped talking is an example of ____________________.
sensory memory
What was the cause of H.M’s severe case of amnesia?
a surgical removal of parts in his brain
true or false: LTP strengthens the connection bt two neurons By increasing the number of receptors on the post-synaptic cell and increasing the neuron transmitter release from the pre-synaptic cell, it is more likely an action potential will happen
true
true or false: chronic methamphetamine use, learning new motor skills. learning sending language do DECREASE the number and complexity of dendrites in the brain
false
true or false: when neurons die after damage to the brain, the brain attempts to restore function via recruitment, axonal sprouting, and rerouting connections
true
true or false: The majority of information we encounter in our everyday lives never even makes it to short term memory because it does not have any meaning to us
true
Which neurotransmitter is released in the mesolimbic pathway during reinforcement?
dopamine
What is the most common cause of traumatic brain injuries?
falling
Which neurotransmitter systems do the medications for Alzheimer’s Disease work on?
acetylcholine and glutamate
A hemispherectomy is a rare treatment option for which neurological condition?
epilepsy
Reinforce desired or positive behaviors while discouraging undesirable or negative behaviors
applied behavioral analysis
true or false: Children with FASDs do not survive long enough after birth to receive any diagnosis, so the estimated number of cases is a pure guess
false
Why is the corpus callosum sometimes surgically severed or damaged as a treatment for epilepsy?
it prevents a localized seizure from becoming a general seizure
true or false: Primary injury happens immediately at the time of the TBI whereas secondary injury takes place minutes to days later as biochemical mechanisms are triggered that make the initial injury worse
true
true or false: the only way to diagnose Alzheimers is after patient dies
true
Teaching young children with various neurological conditions necessary skills like communication, socializing, and walking
Early intervention Services
true or false: late stage of AIDS, Huntington’s, and Parkinson are all causes of dementia
true
Neurofibrillary tangles and Beta-Amyloid plaques are MOST associated with which neurological disorder?
alzheimers disease
Why is an accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) a problem in Alzheimer’s Disease?
they collect together to form neurofibrillary tangles that kill the cell
A patient comes in having sustained a TBI in a car accident. Their head was thrown backwards initially and then rapidly was thrown forward and hit the steering wheel. Based on this is an example of which kind of TBI?
rotational TBI and direct TBI
Which of the neurological disorders discussed has profound impacts on other body systems like the skeletal, cardiac and other organ systems?
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Which system in the brain is dysfunctional in Parkinson’s Disease that causes motor impairments?
basal ganglia
true or false: severe memory impairments is NOT a symptom commonly seen in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
true
What measures electric activity in the brain?
electroencephalogram
Where do beta-amyloid plaques come from?
accumulation of the breakdown of membrane protein
what is stimulus response learning
performing a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus
what is HEBB known for
neurons that fire together wire together
dopamine is associated w what pathway
mesolimbic pathway
motor learning changes
behavior
perceptual learning is
recognition of stimuli
what are the two types of memories that make up long term memory
declarative and non-declarative
true or false: declarative memory is about facts and events while non declarative is about skills (auto pilot)
true
what to types of memories make up declarative memory
episodic and semantic
semantic memory is
facts and concepts
episodic memory is
events and experiences
what is amnesia
disorder that impacts an individuals memory
true or false: Korsakoff’s syndrome, Alzheimers, TBI, stroke, seizures, tumors, encephalitis all can cause amnesia
true
what an example of procedural memory
skip of tracing star through mirror
what is example of perceptual learning
recognition of umbrella drawing
increased response to frequently repeated stimuli
sensitization
deceased response to frequently repeated stimuli
habituation
process where synaptic connections bt neurons becomes stronger w frequent activation
LTP
