Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 312 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how does learning impact us?

A

changes to our nervous system and changes to our behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is memory

A

long term changes in the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the four stages of memory?

A

encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is stimulus response learning?

A

performing a specific behavior on the presence of a specific stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two types of stimulus response learning?

A

classical conditioning and operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is classical conditioning?

A

when a meaning is given to a previously neutral stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the four main terms associated with classical conditioning?

A

unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is it when a dog salivates to meat?

A

unconditioned response, reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is it when a dog salivates to the ring of the bell associated with meat?

A

conditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was Hebb known for?

A

neurons that fire together wire together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is operant conditioning ?

A

an association between stimulus and response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the four main terms associated with operant conditioning?

A

reinforcement, punishment, positive and negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when we do things that have reinforcements we get what chemical?

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some examples that give humans dopamine?

A

sex, cocaine, water, and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is perceptual learning?

A

recognition of stimuli we have seen before like logos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an example of relational learning?

A

when we hear meow we associate it with cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

going from short term memory to long term memory is called what

A

encoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

going from long term memory to short term memory is called what

A

retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two types of memory in long term memory

A

declarative memory and non-declarative memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is non declarative memory

A

auto pilot memories, automatic behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is declarative memory

A

specific memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

episodic and semantic memory are part of what memory

A

declarative memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is semantic memory

A

stuff learned at school, facts, history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is needed for memories to go from sensory memory to short term memory

A

attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is amnesia

A

loss of memories such as facts, information and experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

anterograde refers to

A

new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

retrograde refers to

A

old memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the most common type of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is korsakoffs syndrome

A

memory loss disorder associated with alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is a stroke

A

blockage in the brain artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are seizures

A

sudden uncontrollable disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is encephalitis

A

inflammation in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

who was Henry Molaison?

A

individual who had epilepsy and had a surgery where they removed a portion of his brain, had memory loss of, however was still had procedural memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is an example of procedural memory?

A

tracing a star by the reflection of a mirror

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is an example of perceptual learning?

A

umbrella drawing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is LTP

A

a synaptic strength between hippocampal neurons associated with memory and learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is sensitization

A

increased response to a frequently repeated stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is habituation

A

decreased response to a frequently repeated stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

in LTP what is released when action potential is present?

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

in LTP what chemical signals for a higher number of AMPA receptors

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

in LTP what does the increase number of AMPA receptors lead to?

A

increase in AMPA causes for more sensitivity to glutamate, when more sensitive more likely to be activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is neuroplasticity

A

the reorganization or alteration of connections following experiences or following injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is neurogenesis

A

growth and development of new neurons

44
Q

what two things are needed to communicate?

A

something to communicate and motor control

45
Q

what do we communicate?

A

things that happened, things that are happening, or things that will happen

46
Q

language comprehension has what two areas?

A

auditory comprehension and visual comprehension

47
Q

what is prosody

A

everything but words

48
Q

rhythm and cadence is what

A

how we speak, we all have it

49
Q

pitch is

A

how low or high our voice is

50
Q

what is phonagnosia

A

losing the ability to identify a familiar voice

51
Q

spontaneous speech, speech diminished, loss of grammatical structure

A

broca’s aphasia

52
Q

the 3 main deficits of damage to the brocas area?

A

agrammatism, anomia, articulation difficulties

53
Q

able to perceive and recognize speech but unable to understand auditory words

A

pure words deafness

54
Q

repeating a similar word or word with same meaning instead

A

conduction aphasia

55
Q

selective impairment of reading, in the absence of other deficits

A

pure Alexia

56
Q

difficulty reading, interpreting, letters or symbols

A

dyslexia

57
Q

what are the 3 subtypes of dyslexia

A

surface, direct, and phonological

58
Q

difficulty turning thoughts into written language

A

dysgraphia

59
Q

what is a neurological disorder and what areas does it affect?

A

something going wrong in the brain, affecting the central and peripheral nervous system

60
Q

what is the most common neurological disorder?

A

alzheimers

61
Q

what cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

maternal drinking during pregnancy

62
Q

what are the physical effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

characteristic facial features: thing lips, small eye openings, small head etc

63
Q

the central nervous system effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder are similar to those of what other condition

A

ADHD

64
Q

what are the main symptoms of autism?

A

lack of verbal communication, difficulty w social interactions, restricted or repetitive behaviors, difficult time in school

65
Q

both autism and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder can use what treatment

A

early intervention services that provide help with life skills

66
Q

what is epilepsy

A

presence of seizures, has to have 2 unprovoked seizures to be diagnosed

67
Q

what are the 2 type of main seizures

A

general and focal

68
Q

2 types of seizures that are considered as general seizures

A

absence seizures and tonic-clonic

69
Q

2 types of seizures that are considered as focal seizures

A

simple focal and complex facial

70
Q

caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury

A

traumatic brain injury

71
Q

significant and continual cognitive impairment that persist over time, impacting memory, language, and abstract thinking

A

dementia

72
Q

unable to sound out words or write them phonetically, cannot write unfamiliar words, but CAN imagine and write familiar words

A

phonological dysgraphia

73
Q

can only sound out words, can write pronounceable nonsense words, can write regular spelled words, but struggles with unusual spelling

A

orthographic dysgraphia

74
Q

disorder that impairs an individuals writing ability

A

dysgraphia

75
Q

can read words they are familiar with, cannot sound out words, difficulty reading unfamiliar words, cannot pronounce non-words, people may be excellent readers

A

phonological dyslexia

76
Q

learning disability that involves difficulty reading

A

dyslexia

77
Q

can read words out-loud, cannot understand what is being read, nonword pronunciation varies

A

direct dyslexia

78
Q

deficit in whole word reading, errors related to visual appearance of the words and pronunciation rules, NOT related to errors w meaning of the word, spelling matters, can read nonwords, LISTENS to their reading to understand

A

surface dyslexia

79
Q

ability to write, recognize words when spelled outloud, CANNOT READ, disorder that prevents information from reaching the visual association cortex

A

pure Alexia

80
Q

what is the main issue with stuttering?

A

the initiation of speech and planning of speech

81
Q

meaningful speech, decent comprehension, poor repetition

A

conduction aphasia

82
Q

disorder that affect the way you communicate, whether that is verbal, written and understanding

A

aphasia

83
Q

poor language comprehension, PRODUCTION OF MEANINGLESS SPEECH, fluent and unbothered

A

wernickes aphasia

84
Q

what is it called when you have difficulties pronouncing words?

A

articulation difficulties

85
Q

when you have difficulty finding words?

A

anomia

86
Q

when you have difficulty using grammatical constructions

A

agrammastism

87
Q

a primarily an expressive language impairment meaning it mostly affects speaking and writing

A

brocas aphasia

88
Q

other than Alzheimers what are other examples of dementia?

A

Parkinson’s disease, AIDS, Huntingtons disease, frontoretmporal dementia,

89
Q

what are the physical symptoms of TBI?

A

loss or altered conciseness, vomiting, headache, sleep issues, dizziness

90
Q

what are the sensory symptoms of TBI

A

changes in sensory perception like blurred vision and ringing), sensitivity to light

91
Q

what are the cognitive symptoms of TBI

A

memory and concentrate issues, mood disturbances

92
Q

what are the 5 types of TBI

A

direct, rotational, blast TBI, penetrating TBI, crush TBI

93
Q

what are the 2 common types of treatment for epilepsy

A

medication such as anti-epileptics, and surgical- deep brain stimulation, removal of an area, hemispherectomy

94
Q

type of seizure that alters sensation in part of body and may change sense of smell and taste

A

simple focal seizures

95
Q

types of seizure that causes confusion, may not be able to respond to questions or follow directions

A

complex facial expression seizures

96
Q

types of seizure when you lose consciousness, falling, muscle spams

A

tonic-clonic seizures

97
Q

types of seizure where there is rapid blinking and staring into space while still conscious

A

absence seizures

98
Q

what are the possible causes of epilepsy?

A

genetics, traumatic brain injury/tumor/stroke, other disorders like autism

99
Q

what are the types of medications prescribed to individuals with autism?

A

anticonvulsants to prevent seizures, antidepressants to improve mood, antipsychotics to reduce irritability and hyperactivity

100
Q

what is applied behavioral analysis

A

program that encourages positive behaviors and discourages negative behaviors

101
Q

what are the CNS effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

motor coordination and balance, learning and memory impairments, attention and reasoning impairments, hyperactivity, swift mood changes

102
Q

what area of the brain is where LTP takes place?

A

the hippocampus

103
Q

when is a brain is injures it tries to ______ what it loses

A

compensate

104
Q

what happens when cells in the brain die

A

there is no regeneration but new pathways with new sequences ares formed around the dead cells

105
Q

where does neurogenesis take place?

A

hippocampus and olfactory bulbs

106
Q

LTP and LTD are both mechanism of?

A

neuroplasticity

PSY 312 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions