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PSY 312 > exam 4 > Flashcards

exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

an emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat, where automatic NS activation for escape and immediate danger

A

fear

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2
Q

anticipation of future threat, causes muscle tension, vigilance, preparation for future danger, acts cautious or avoidant

A

anxiety

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3
Q

what is used to determine if an individual has a mental disorder

A

DSM - 5

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4
Q

simultaneous presence of multiple health conditions

A

comorbidity

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5
Q

what is the goal of cognitive behavioral therapy?

A

to allow the person to see situations more clearly and respond to them in more effective way

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6
Q

identifying and challenging flawed or negative thinking, learning problem solving skills, learning coping strategies, facing fears instead of avoiding them, learning relaxation and calming techniques

A

cognitive behavioral therapy

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7
Q

developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached to

A

seperation anxiety

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8
Q

what are the symptoms of separation anxiety

A

recurrent excessive distress during separation or anticipation of separation, persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures, refusal to go out bc fear of separation, worry about being alone, physical symptoms like headaches, stomachaches, and nausea

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9
Q

separation anxiety is commonly reported in _____ but also seen in _______

A

children; adults

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10
Q

how long does symptoms have to be persistent for to qualify as separation anxiety in children? in adults?

A

children is over 4 weeks; adults is over 6 months

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11
Q

what are the risk factors of separation anxiety?

A

life stress, overprotective and intrusive parents, and heritability(difference in genes account for difference in traits)

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12
Q

individuals who have separation anxiety may also have what other mental disorders?

A

other anxiety disorders, PTSD, mood disorder

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13
Q

what is the main form of treatment for separation anxiety?

A

therapy

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14
Q

when suffering from separation anxiety, cognitive behavioral therapy teaches you how to what?

A

learn to cope and handle being separated and teach parents how to provide emotional support

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15
Q

what is the medication that can be prescribed in combination with therapy to help aid separation anxiety?

A

anti-depressants

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16
Q

condition where individual suffers from consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking despite speaking in other situations

A

selective mutism

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17
Q

interferes w education, occupation, or social communication / lasts over a month / failure to speak is not due to lack of knowledge of language / no better explained by other disorder

A

further criteria of selective mutism

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18
Q

how does selective mutism look like?

A

individual will not initiate or respond to social situation, often speak at home and to close family members, has high levels of social anxiety

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19
Q

not well understood / parental temperament and overprotective parents / share genetics w social anxiety disorder

A

risk factors of selective mutism

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20
Q

what is the recommended treatment for selective mutism ?

A

cognitive behavioral therapy

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21
Q

disorder where individual has marked fear or anxiety regarding a specific object or situation

A

specific phobias

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22
Q

what is additional criteria for specific phobias?

A

object always provokes immediate fear or anxiety, object is actively avoided or endured with intense fear/anxiety, persistent >6months, causes clinically significant distress in important areas of function

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23
Q

what are the different categories with specific phobias?

A

animals, nature, blood-injection-injury, situations, other

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24
Q

what are the risk factors for specific phobias?

A

stressors like abuse or loss of parent, trauma, some genetic connection

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25
Q

7-9% varying between countries and ages is the prevalence rate of what condition?

A

specific phobias

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26
Q

what are examples of situation based phobias?

A

airplanes, elevators, enclosed spaces

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27
Q

what are examples of nature based phobias?

A

heights, storms, water

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28
Q

what are examples of animal based phobias?

A

spiders, insects, dogs

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29
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy and systematic desensitization are the twi types of therapy for

A

specific phobias

30
Q

beta blockers and benzodiazepines are the two types of medications prescribed for

A

specific phobias

31
Q

how do beta blockers function

A

they block the effects of adrenaline such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and shaking voice and limbs

32
Q

how do benzodiazepines function

A

by reducing feelings of anxiety but carry abuse potential

33
Q

disorder marked by fear and anxiety about social situations where individuals are exposed to possible scrutiny by others

A

social anxiety disorder

34
Q

additional criteria: social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety, social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear, fear is out of proportion, persistent >6months,

A

social anxiety disorder

35
Q

true or false: the prevalence of social anxiety higher in the US than the rest of the world.

A

true

36
Q

what are the two risk factors for social anxiety

A

genetic component and gene X environment

37
Q

psychotherapy, CBT, support groups, and medications are the main forms of treatment for what disorder

A

social anxiety

38
Q

what 3 medications are prescribed for social anxiety

A

beta blockers, anti-depressants, and anxiolytics

39
Q

a panic attack often gets confused with what because of similar symptoms?

A

heart attack

40
Q

disorder where individual suffers with recurrent and unexpected panic attacks

A

panic disorder

41
Q

what is a panic attack

A

abrupt surge of intense fear and discomfort that reaches peak within minutes, pounding heart, sweating, trembling, shaking, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, chill or heat sensations, fear of losing control/dying

42
Q

in order to be diagnosed with a panic disorder instead of just a panic attack

A

panic attack followed by a month or more of persistent worry about having another attack and maladaptive behavior changes

43
Q

negative affect/anxiety sensitivity, fearful spells, sexual or physical abuse, smoking, genetic component

A

risk factors for panic disorder

44
Q

what are treatment options for panic disorders?

A

CBT, anti-depressants, beta blockers, anxiolytics

45
Q

disorder that is marked by fear or anxiety about two or more of the following five situations: using public transportation, open spaces, enclosed spaces, being in line or crowd, home alone

A

agoraphobia

46
Q

additional criteria: fear or avoidance bc escaping situation may be difficult, situations almost always provoke fear/anxiety, require a companion or endured w intense anxiety, persistent >6months, negatively impacting area of function, not better explained by other mental health disorder

A

additional criteria for agoraphobia

47
Q

anxiety sensitivity, negative childhood events, and genetic component

A

risk factors for agoraphobia

48
Q

agoraphobia can be comorbidity with

A

anxiety disorders, moos disorders, PTSD, alcohol use disorder

49
Q

disorder with excessive anxiety and worry more days than not for at least 6 months, difficult to control worry, symptoms (3) like feeling on edge/easily fatigued/difficulty concentrating/irritability/muscle tension/sleep disturbances, impairment in important areas of function

A

generalized anxiety disorder

50
Q

what is the prevalence rate of generalized anxiety disorder in the US

A

3%

51
Q

risk factors of generalized anxiety disorders

A

harm avoidance, childhood adversity and parental overprotectiveness, genetic component

52
Q

CBT, anti-depressants,anxiolytics, anti-psychotics, buspirone

A

treatment options for generalized anxiety disorder

53
Q

how does buspirone function

A

reducing serotonin transmission, but increasing dopamine, do not know know exactly why it helps some people but not all

54
Q

what are the two disorders that are no longer considered anxiety disorders?

A

PTSD and OCD

55
Q

what are the two components that categories OCD

A

Obsessions and Compulsions

56
Q

recurrent/persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive or unwanted and typically causes stress/anxiety

A

obsessions (thoughts)

57
Q

repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or a rule that must be applied rigidly

A

compulsion (behavior)

58
Q

what are some common examples of obsessions

A

fear of contamination or dirt, difficulty tolerating uncertainty, needing things to be orderly and symmetrical, thoughts about losing control and harming oneself

59
Q

what are some common examples of compulsions

A

washing and cleaning (self or environment), checking and rechecking, counting, following strict routines, demanding reassurance

60
Q

true or false: OCD is more commonly diagnosed in females

A

true

61
Q

family history, stress and trauma, other mental health conditions

A

risk factors for OCD

62
Q

What is the main form of therapy for OCD

A

Exposure and Response Prevention - not allowing patients to perform ritual

63
Q

disorder where there is exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation

A

PTSD

64
Q

What are the kinds of exposure in PTSD

A

direct, witness, close family/friend, first hand repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details

65
Q

what are the symptoms seen with PTSD

A

recurring, intrusive and distressing - memories, dreams, dissociative reactions, intense/prolonged stress for cues, and AVOIDANCE

66
Q

exaggerated negative beliefs - guilt for survival, distorted cognition -blame, negative emotional state, anhedonia

A

mood and cognitive symptoms of PTSD

67
Q

irritability and anger, reckless/self destructive behaviors, hyperviligence, exaggerated starters response, sleep disturbances

A

arousal symptoms of PTSD

68
Q

true or false: men are more commonly diagnose w PTSD

A

false

69
Q

genetic, childhood trauma, history of mental illness, multiple stressors, lack of social support

A

risk factors for PTSD

70
Q

what are the treatment plans for PTSD

A

anti-depressants, sleeping medication, CBT - exposure therapy, cognitive restructuring, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

PSY 312 (7 decks)

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