Final Exam Flashcards
What drugs creates xerostomia and gingival hyperplasia?
Xerostomia: Antihypertensive, Antidepresessants, Adrenergics, Antihistamines, Anticholinergic drugs.
Gingival Hyperplasia: Calcium Channel blockers, Cyclosporin, Phenytoin (Dilantin).
What drugs are mainly used in an emergency sitiuations?
Epinephrine: anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest asthma.
Abuterol: Asthma attack
Glucagon: Insulin Reaction
Nitroglycerine: Angina
Aspirin: Myocardial
Cartisone: asthma, anaphylaxis, adrenal insufficiency
Diphenhydramine: Allergic reaction
Narcan (Naloxalone): Overdose
What is pharmacodynamics?
How the drug affets the body
What is pharmacokinetics?
How the body affects the drug.
like ADME
What determines how the drug interacts with the plasma membrane?
its chemial properties: Hydrophilic or lipophilic.
Hydrophilic drugs binds to cell-surface receptors through?
Fast Channels
1. Ligand-gated channels: opens when signal molecule binds
2. Voltage-gated channels: open when membrane potential changes
Second Messenger syste: Bonds to the cell surface receptor.
2. Second messenger is inside cell: directly causes an intracellular response.
Lipophilic drugs bind to cytoplasmic receptors through?
Drug/recptor complex moves into the nucleus and binds to DNA and changes transcription
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Responsible for the maintenance of the body
“Rest and digest”
secretion, digestion, absorption, waste removal, glucogen synthesis, slower breathing and body function
Sympathetic Nervous System
Controls action during stress
“Fight, Flight or Fright”
Pupils dilate, hear treaces, increase breaths
Both the PANS and SANS preganglionic neurotransmitters use what?
Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
Acetycholine = SANS
Cholinergic= PANS
Parasympatho is prefix for?
Drugs working at the PANS
Sympatho is prefix for?
Drugs that works in the SANS
If a drug does what acetycholine does
It is cholinergic drug
If a drug does what norepinephrine does
it is an adrenergic drug
Parasympathomimetics is
- resting and digesting responses: sluds drugs
- non-specific binding to cholinergic receptors= many side effects.
Anti-cholinergics is
- fight or flight responses: anti-slud drugs
*Non-specific binding
PANS releases what?
Both ACH
Postganglionic neurons: Cholinergic Receptors
Effectors= Cholinergic receptors
ANS releases what
preganglonic= ACH
Postganglonic has cholinergic receptors
Postganglonic releaseses Norepinephrine
Effectors= Adrenergic NE receptors
Sympathomimetics is
- Fight or Flight response (mimics it ), anti-SLUD drug
- Stimulates a/b agonist (direct or indirectly), fewer side effects
Sympatholytics is
- to reduce or stops activities int eh SANS (Restign and digestive responses), SLUD drug
- a and B blockers, selective and non-selective, Also specific binding
What are the different types of ANS drugs?
A= Adrenergic Action
B: Blockers (Adrengeric blockers)
C: Cholinergic action
D: Cholinergic blockers (“anti-cholinergic)
