Final Exam

Question 1

What drugs creates xerostomia and gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 1

Xerostomia: Antihypertensive, Antidepresessants, Adrenergics, Antihistamines, Anticholinergic drugs.

Gingival Hyperplasia: Calcium Channel blockers, Cyclosporin, Phenytoin (Dilantin).

Question 2

What drugs are mainly used in an emergency sitiuations?

Answer 2

Epinephrine: anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest asthma.
Abuterol: Asthma attack
Glucagon: Insulin Reaction
Nitroglycerine: Angina
Aspirin: Myocardial
Cartisone: asthma, anaphylaxis, adrenal insufficiency
Diphenhydramine: Allergic reaction
Narcan (Naloxalone): Overdose

Question 3

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 3

How the drug affets the body

Question 4

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 4

How the body affects the drug.
like ADME

Question 5

What determines how the drug interacts with the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

its chemial properties: Hydrophilic or lipophilic.

Question 6

Hydrophilic drugs binds to cell-surface receptors through?

Answer 6

Fast Channels
1. Ligand-gated channels: opens when signal molecule binds
2. Voltage-gated channels: open when membrane potential changes

Second Messenger syste: Bonds to the cell surface receptor.
2. Second messenger is inside cell: directly causes an intracellular response.

Question 7

Lipophilic drugs bind to cytoplasmic receptors through?

Answer 7

Drug/recptor complex moves into the nucleus and binds to DNA and changes transcription

Question 8

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 8

Responsible for the maintenance of the body

“Rest and digest”

secretion, digestion, absorption, waste removal, glucogen synthesis, slower breathing and body function

Question 9

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 9

Controls action during stress

“Fight, Flight or Fright”

Pupils dilate, hear treaces, increase breaths

Question 10

Both the PANS and SANS preganglionic neurotransmitters use what?

Answer 10

Acetylcholine (cholinergic)

Acetycholine = SANS
Cholinergic= PANS

Question 11

Parasympatho is prefix for?

Answer 11

Drugs working at the PANS

Question 12

Sympatho is prefix for?

Answer 12

Drugs that works in the SANS

Question 13

If a drug does what acetycholine does

Answer 13

It is cholinergic drug

Question 14

If a drug does what norepinephrine does

Answer 14

it is an adrenergic drug

Question 15

Parasympathomimetics is

Answer 15

• resting and digesting responses: sluds drugs
• non-specific binding to cholinergic receptors= many side effects.

Question 16

Anti-cholinergics is

Answer 16

• fight or flight responses: anti-slud drugs
  *Non-specific binding

Question 17

PANS releases what?

Answer 17

Both ACH
Postganglionic neurons: Cholinergic Receptors
Effectors= Cholinergic receptors

Question 18

ANS releases what

Answer 18

preganglonic= ACH
Postganglonic has cholinergic receptors
Postganglonic releaseses Norepinephrine
Effectors= Adrenergic NE receptors

Question 19

Sympathomimetics is

Answer 19

• Fight or Flight response (mimics it ), anti-SLUD drug
• Stimulates a/b agonist (direct or indirectly), fewer side effects

Question 20

Sympatholytics is

Answer 20

• to reduce or stops activities int eh SANS (Restign and digestive responses), SLUD drug
• a and B blockers, selective and non-selective, Also specific binding

Question 21

What are the different types of ANS drugs?

Answer 21

A= Adrenergic Action
B: Blockers (Adrengeric blockers)
C: Cholinergic action
D: Cholinergic blockers (“anti-cholinergic)