Chapter 1 Study Guide Flashcards
What is pharmacology ?
The study of drugs and their interactions with living cells and systems.
why is it important to a dental hygienist?
Knowledge of a patients medications/health history is necessary to provide optimal oral health care.m
What types of substances count as drugs?
Over the counter medications
Herbal Supplements
Vitamin Supplements
Mineral Supplements
Protein Supplements
Prescrition Medications: Antibiotics, BC , asthma treatment, Insulin, BP meds, Cholesterol lowering medication, narotics.
What types of reference material should be available in a dental office and what are some draw backs?
- Computer-based resources and apps are easily accessed and updated more frequently than printed materials.
- Must be comfortable using these sources and outages or glitches can happen. - Printed materials- must be updated frequently
What are the differences between experimental trade, and generic names and. how are each of them chosen?
Experimental Name: starts with first couple of letters from company followed by number.
Generic Name: choosen by the U.S adopted Name Council
Brand/Trade Name: Chosen by the company and capitalized.
What are the functions of the FDA, FTC, and DEA?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Safety and efficacy, gives marketing approval, determines OTC or prescription, labeling requirements.
Federal trade Commission (FTC): Trade practices and advertising.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): Regualtes manufacture and distribution of drugs that might be abused.
What are the schedules of controlled substances? How can prescriptions be given for each and how often?
Sheduled drugs are regulated by the DEA.
Schedule:
* I (C-I)
* II (C-II)- Written Rx, no refills
* III (C-III) oral or written Rx 1 refill/month
* IV (C-IV) oral or written Rx 1 refill/month
* V (C-V) oral or written rx or OTC
C-II drugs can be prescribed orally in an emergency with Rx w/i 7 days
What are the stages of clinical trials and what happens in each?
- Phase 1- 1-1.5 years, 20-80 healthy voulunteers, determines safety and dosages.
- Phase 2- 2 years, 100-300 patients, evaluate effectiveness look for side effects.
- Phase 3- 3-3.5 years, 1000-3000 patients, confirm effectiveness monitor adverse reactions for long term use
- Phase 4- 11-14 years, Additional post-marketing testing
Preclinical trials take?
18 months with thousands of drugs being explored in the quest to find one that makes it to human clinical trails.
clinical trial only starts with FDA approval
An increase in patient diversity population can ?
Helps to determine effectiveness and risks of a medication for patient.
What types of drug facts must be listed on the outer wrapper of the medication?
Active and inactive ingredients, uses, warnings, contact information.
What is a black box warning and why might one be on a medication?
When a medication shows a serious health risk that wa not previously known. This is based on Phase IV clinical reporting.
patients may uses these medication if they have depression or anxiety
What are the parts of a prescription, and which information is written in each part?
Heading- precriber info, patient info, date
Body- Rx symbol, name and dose of drug, amount, directions
Closing- Refill information, signature of DR. DEA #
Why is the metric system used in pharmacology? What are the common units and prefixes, and how are they related to one another?
The metric system is used for prescription in the U.S.
Base measurements: Gram (g) for weight, Liter (L)
Common Prefixes:
deci: 0.1
centi-0.01
milli- 0.001
micro-0.000001
AM
morning
