What is an adverse drug reaction?
unwanted drug reaction
T/F All drugs create both a therapeutic effect and side effects at normal therapeutic doses.
true
Which two drug classes causes more ADR than others?
- Anesthetics sedatives
- Antibiotics antifungals
Who do you report adverse drug reaction and reporting to?
Health proffesionals and consumers reports ADRS to the FDA after the drug is commercially avaible.
What are the categories of adverse drug reactions?
Adverse/side effects
Toxic reactions
Allergic reactions
Idiosyncratic reactions
What is pharmacodynamics?
what medication does to the body
which receptors it binds to
where receptors are located
what it does when it binds to receptor (agonist/antagonist)
What does pharmacodynamics affects?
Both therapeutic and adverse effects
side effects and toxic reactions
What are side effects
predictable
dose-related
acts on non target organs
what are Toxic reaction?
- predictable
- dose-related
- acts on target organs
- extensions of pharmacologic effecrs
What are allergic reactions?
not predictable
What factors increases the likelihood of a patient experiencing side effects?
More common at higher dose
more common when exretion pathweays are compromised
What factors increases the likelihood of a patient experiencing side effects?
Pharmacologicial effects target organ are experienced to an exten that causes damage.
Often due to sensitivity of the patient to the drug
( when excretion pathways are compromised or individual genetic predispotion)
What is pharmacogenomnics?
Looking at the medication and how it affects DNA.
what is an allergic reaction and which type is the most serious?
- Hypersensitivity to a drug
- immune system responds to the drug as if it were a dangerous antigen
- can cause rashes anaphylaxis or other effects
What are idosyncracies?
- genetic variations in the way people metabolize drugs
- can be associated with different ethnic groups
Are there any ways to determine if a patient is likely to have an idosybcratic reaction to a drug?
Sometimes no way to determien whether it will occur
What are mutagenic effects?
Dammage DNA
May cause disorders within the patient (cancer)
Potentially heritable ( affects gametes)
What are teratogenic effects?
- Harmful effort of the drug on a fetus
- Drug exposure to the fetus, effects vary due to the point in development that expousre happened.
How are drugs categorized based on their potential for teratigenicity?
A B C D X
Under what circumstance would a patient be likely to have a drug interaction?
How can you avoid most drug interactions?
patients who are on many medications
Patients who are not sure about their medication names
patients who are not honest about the medications that they are taking.
- Knowing the potential drug interations can helo avoid some dental emergency.
Why do drugs interact with one another? What type of effects can they have on each others action?
due to pharmokinetic alterations
Drugs- ADME interactions
Disease - pharmacodynamics
Foods- ADME interactions
What are some common drug disease interactions?
Liver disease
Renal disease
Cardiac disease
Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
When two drugs interact through a metabolic pathway, what types of interactions can they have?
Substrate drug binds to the metabolic enzyme
