Chapter 4 Drugs Flashcards by Jess Williams

What drugs are parasympathomimetics?

Nicotine (Commit®, Nicoderm CQ®)
Bethanechol (Urecholine®
Pilocarpine (Salagen®)
Rivastigmine (Exelon®)
Donepezil (Aricept®)
Neostigmine

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What drugs are anticholinergics?

Atropine
Scopolamine
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
Tolterodine (Detrol®)
Atracurium
Pancuronium

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What drugs are Sympathomimetics?

Phenylephrine (Sudafed-PE®)
Clonidine (Catapres®)
Albuterol (Ventolin®, Proventil®)
Terbutaline (Brethine®)
Dobutamine
Epinephrine
Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine (Adderall®)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin®)
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)

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What drugs are adrenergic anatagonist?

Prazosin (Minipress®)
Doxazosin (Cardura®)
Tamulosin (Flomax®)
Labetalol (Trandate®)
Propranolol (Inderal®)
Metoprolol (Lopressor®, Toprol-XL®)
Atenolol (Tenormin®)

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What is the brand name for nicotine?

Commit
Nicoderm

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What are nicotine drug used to treat?

nictoine addiction, typically smoking cessation

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What is the mechanism of action for nicotine?

Acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) stimulating both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

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What is the brand name for bethanechol?

Urecholine

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What is the primary use for bethanechol?

Asthma
Peptic ulcers
Hyperthyroidism
GI or Urinary obstruction

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What is the brand name for pilocarpine?

salagen

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What is pilocarpine used for ?

xerostomia and glaucoma

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What is the receptor type for pilocarpine?

Primarily acts on muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

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What is the brand name for rivastigmine?

exelon

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What is rivastigmine used for?

To treat alzheimers disease by enhancing cholingeric transmission.

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What is rivastigimine mechanism ?

it inhibits acetylcholinesterase which increases acetycholine concentration

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What is neostigmine used for?

Myasthenia gravis, to improve muscle strength.

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What is neostigmine mechanism?

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, allowing for increased acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, enhancing muscle contraction.

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What is the donepezil brand name?

Aricept

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What is donepezil used to treat?

Alzheimer’s disease by improving memory and cognition.

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WHat is the mechanism of action for donepezil?

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, thus increasing acetylcholine concentration

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What is the generic name for Atropine?

Anticholinergics

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What is the brand name for scopolamine?

scopolamine

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What is the generic name for Benadryl®?

diphenhydramine

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What is the brand name for tolterodine?

detrol

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What is the generic name for Atracurium?

Atracurium

What is the brand name for pancuronium?

Pancuronium

What are the main uses of atropine in medicine?

To increase heart rate during bradycardia and reduce salivation during surgery.

How does atropine affect heart rate and the parasympathetic nervous system?

Blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, reducing parasympathetic activity (increases heart rate).

What condition is scopolamine primarily used to treat?

Motion sickness.

What are the side effects of scopolamine use?

Dry mouth, blurred vision, and drowsiness.

What is diphenhydramine commonly used to treat?

Allergies, motion sickness, and insomnia.

How does diphenhydramine act as an anticholinergic drug?

Acts as an H1-antihistamine with anticholinergic effects, leading to drowsiness and dry mouth.

What is tolterodine primarily used for?

To treat overactive bladder by reducing urinary frequency.

# [](http://) How does tolterodine reduce symptoms of overactive bladder?

Blocks muscarinic receptors in the bladder, reducing bladder muscle contractions.

How is atracurium used in surgery?

As a muscle relaxant during anesthesia.

What is the mechanism of action of atracurium as a muscle relaxant?

Blocks nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing skeletal muscle relaxation.

In what situations is pancuronium used?

Surgical procedures for muscle relaxation.

How does pancuronium affect skeletal muscles during surgery?

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that inhibits acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

What is the generic name for Sudafed-PE®?

Phenylephrine

What is the brand name for clonidine?

Catapres

What is the generic name for Ventolin® and Proventil®?

Albuterol

What is the brand name for terbutaline?

brethine

What is the generic name for Dobutamine?

dobutamine

What is the brand name for epinephrine?

epinephrine

What is the generic name for Adderall®?

dextroamphetamine/amphetamine

What is the brand name for methylphenidate?

ritalin

What is the generic name for Sudafed®?

sudafed

What condition is phenylephrine commonly used to treat?

Nasal congestion.

How does phenylephrine increase blood pressure?

Acts on α1-adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction and reducing nasal congestion

What is the primary therapeutic use of clonidine?

To treat high blood pressure and ADHD.

How does clonidine affect blood pressure?

Acts on α2-adrenergic receptors in the brain, reducing sympathetic outflow and lowering blood pressure.

What condition is albuterol used to treat?

Asthma by causing bronchodilation.

How does albuterol cause bronchodilation in asthma patients?

Stimulates β2-adrenergic receptors, leading to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles.

What is terbutaline used to treat?

Asthma and bronchospasms.

How does terbutaline act on β2-adrenergic receptors?

Acts on β2-adrenergic receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle.

In what condition is dobutamine most commonly used?

Heart failure to increase cardiac output.

What are the emergency uses of epinephrine?

Anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest.

How does dobutamine increase cardiac output?

Stimulates β1-adrenergic receptors, increasing heart rate and contractility.

How does epinephrine impact both α and β adrenergic receptors?

Acts on both α and β receptors, causing vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and increased heart rate

What is the primary therapeutic use of Adderall?

ADHD and narcolepsy.

What condition is methylphenidate commonly prescribed for?

ADHD.

How does dextroamphetamine/amphetamine affect the central nervous system?

Increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, enhancing focus and reducing impulsivity.

What is the mechanism of action of methylphenidate in treating ADHD?

Blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, improving attention and focus.

How does pseudoephedrine alleviate nasal congestion?

Nasal congestion.

What are the common side effects of pseudoephedrine?

Stimulates α-adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction in nasal passages.

What condition is prazosin used to treat?

Hypertension.

How does prazosin lower blood pressure by acting on α1-receptors?

Blocks α1-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.

What is the therapeutic use of doxazosin?

Hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

How does doxazosin impact the genitourinary system?

Blocks α1-receptors, relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessels and the prostate.

What is tamulosin used to treat in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

How does tamulosin relieve symptoms of BPH?

Blocks α1-adrenergic receptors in the prostate, improving urine flow.

What is the dual action of labetalol on α and β receptors?

Blocks both α and β receptors to lower blood pressure.

How is labetalol used in treating hypertension?

Hypertension, especially in hypertensive emergencies.

What conditions are commonly treated with propranolol?

Hypertension, arrhythmias, migraines, and anxiety.

How does propranolol reduce heart rate by blocking β1 and β2 receptors?

Non-selectively blocks β1 and β2 receptors, reducing heart rate and blood pressure.

How is metoprolol used in treating cardiac conditions?

Hypertension, angina, and heart failure.

How does metoprolol selectively block β1 receptors?

Selectively blocks β1 receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand.

What is the primary use of atenolol?

o treat hypertension and angina.

How does atenolol differ from non-selective β-blockers like propranolol?

Selectively blocks β1 receptors, lowering heart rate and blood pressure without affecting β2 receptors

What is the generic name for Minipress®?

prazosin

What is the brand name for doxazosin?

cardura

What is the generic name for Inderal®?

propranolol

What is the generic name for Flomax®?

tamulosin

What is the brand name for labetalol?

trandate

What is the brand name for metoprolol?

lopressor toprol-xl

What is the generic name for Tenormin®?

Atenolol