FINAL EXAM Flashcards
aden/o
gland
arthr/o
joint
bi/o
life
carcin/o
cancer, cancerous
cardi/o
heart
cephal/o
head
cerebr/o
cerebrum, largest part of the brain
cyt/o
cell
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
encephal/o
brain
enter/o
inestines(often the small intestines)
erythr/o
red
gastr/o
stomach
gnos/o
knowledge
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
lapar/o
abdomen
leuk/o
white
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
path/o
disease
psych/o
mind
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
-oma
tumor, mass
-al
pertaining to
-algia
condition of pain
-ectomy
cutting out, removal, excision
-emia
blood condition
-globin
protein
-gram
record
-ia
condition
-ic
pertaining to
-ism
condition, process
-itis
inflammation
-logist
specialist in the study of
-logy
study of
-oma
tumor, mass
-opsy
to view
-osis
abnormal condition
-scope
instrument to visually examine
-scopy
process of visual examination
-sis
state of
-tomy
process of cutting into, incision
a-, an-
no, not
aut-
self
dia-
complete, through
dys-
bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
endo-
within
epi-
above, upon, on
exo-
outside
hyper-
excessive, more than normal, too much
hypo-
below, less than normal, under
pan-
all
peri-
surrounding
pro-
before, forward
re-
back
retro-
behind
sub-
below, under
trans-
across, through
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
gastrectomy
surgical removal of the stomach
arthrogram
record of joints
mediastinum
space containing the heart
Cervical
pertaining to the neck
Thoracic
pertaining to the chest
Lumbar
Pertaining to the loin or waist
Sacral
Pertaining to the sacrum or lower back
Coccygeal
Pertaining to the coccyx or tailbone
abdomin/o
abdomen
bronch/o
bronchial tube (leading from the windpipe to the lungs)
chondr/o
cartilage (connective tissue attached to the bones)
crani/o
skull
epitheli/o
skin, suface tissue
hepat/o
liver
lapar/o
abdomen
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
later/o
side
peritone/o
peritonium (membrane surrounding the abdominal organs)
pleur/o
pleura
radi/o
x-rays
spin/o
spine (backbone)
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
vertebr/o
vertebra (backbone)
Frontal
anterior and posterior, front and back
Sagittal
left and right
Transverse
horizontal, upper and lower
Anterior
front side; ventral
posterior
back side; dorsal
Inferior
below
Superior
above
Lateral
side
Medial
middle
Distal
far
Proximal
near
Deep
away from the surface
Superficial
on the surface
Supine
facing up
Prone
facing down
Pleural cavity
space between the double membranes surrounding the lungs
Thoracic cavity
contains the lungs and heart; the “chest” cavity
Abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, liver, and intestines
Spinal cavity
surrounded/protected by the spinal column
Cranial cavity
contains the brain and pituitary glands
Mediastinum
area between the lungs
Pelvic cavity
contains the urinary bladder, rectum, and anus
layngeal
pertaining to the larynx (voice box)
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
thoracotomy
incision of the chest
lymphocyte
lymph cell
-algia
condition of pain, pain
-emia
blood condition
-ia
condition
-megaly
enlargement
-osis
condition, abnormal condition
-pathy
disease condition
-sclerosis
hardening
-uria
condition of urine
-al, -eal, -ar, -ary, -ic
pertaining to
-centesis
puncture to remove fluid
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-plasty
surgical repair or surgical correction
-scopy
process of visual examination
-stomy
opening
aden/o
gland
angi/o
vessel (usually a blood vessel)
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
chron/o
time
cry/o
cold
erythr/o
red
hepat/o
liver
mamm/o
breast (use with -ary, -graphy, -gram, & -plasty)
mast/o
breast (use with -ectomy, & -itis)
my/o
muscle
nephr/o
kidney (use with all suffixes expect -al & -gram)
neur/o
nerve
ren/o
kidney (use with -al and -gram)
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
trache/o
windpipe; trachea
ur/o
urine or urea (a waste material); urinary tract
-lysis
separation, breakdown, destruction (of)
axill/o
armpit
inguinal
pertaining to the groin
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid in the chest
arthritis
inflammation of the joint(s)
otalgia
pain in the ear
gastrectomy
surgical removal of the stomach
-crine
secretion
-dipsia
thirst
-emia
blood condition
-gen
to produce
-ia
condition
-lysis
loosening, breakdown, separation, destruction
-phagia
eating
-phasia
speech
-plasia
formation (condition)
-plasm
formation (tissue)
-pnea
breathing
-tension
pressure
-um
structure
a-, an-
no, not, without
ante-
before, forward
anti-
against
brady-
slow
con-
with, together
dys-
bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
ec-
out, outside
hemi-
half
inter-
between
intra-
within
meta-
change, beyond
peri-
surrounding
retro-
back, behind
tachy-
fast
Exacerbation
an increase in severity of a disease or its symptoms
Syndrome
a group of symptoms and signs of illness that occur together
Polyp
benign growth commonly found in the colon
Atrophy
shrink in size
Anomaly
irregularity
Feces
stools
Anemia
a condition of lower than normal erythrocytes or hemoglobin
Apnea
condition where breathing stops suddenly
transabdominal
pertaining to across the abdomen
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
bradycardia
condition of a slow heart
dysphasia
condition of abnormal/bad eating
bilateral
pertaining to on both sides
polyuria
condition of much urination
subscapular
pertaining to below the scapula
tachypnea
fast breathing
extrahepatal
pertaining to outside the liver
neoplasm
new growth
allergist
treatment of hypersensitivity reactions
rheumatologist
treatment of systemic diseases affecting joints and muscles
gynecologist
surgery & treatment of female reproduction system diseases
anesthesiologist
administration of agents to prevent pain & awareness
pediatrics
diagnosis and treatment of children’s disorders
geriatrician
treatment of diseases of old age
endocrinologist
treatment of hormone gland disorders
psychiatrist
treatment to restore function after illness
internist
comprehensive care for adults
obstetrician
treatment of pregnant women; delivery of babies
acute
sharp, sudden & intense for a short period of time
callus
bony deposit that forms as fractured bone heals
angina
pain in the chest due to decreased blood supply
dilation
widening
chronic
lasting a long time
anemic
lacking in hemoglobin or red blood cells
diuretic
drug resulting in increased urine production
fatigue
state of exhaustion; loss of strength
fistula
abnormal passageway between two organs
nausea
sickness, often leading to vomiting
emesis
vomiting
fibroid
benign growth in the uterus
endodontist
root canal therapy
periodontist
specializes in gums
prosthodontist
replaces missing teeth with artificial appliances
pedontist
specializes in children
optician
grinds lenses and fits glasses
optometrist
examines eyes, prescribes eyeglasses, and treats eye disorders
ophthalmologist
specializes in surgical and medical treatment of eye disorders
hematoma
blood under the skin
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
nephralgia
pain in the kidneys
neurectomy
surgical removal of a nerve
thoracotomy
incision of the chest
pathogenic
pertaining to disease growth
rhinorrhea
discharge of the nose
cardiomyopathy
enlarged heart
gastroscopy
process of visually examining the stomach
lymphoadenopathy
disease of the lymph nodes/glands
oncogenic
pertaining to producing tumors
otitis
inflammation of the ear
colostomy
creation of an opening from the colon to the outside of the body
shock
signs & symptoms indicating poor blood supply to major organs
necrotic
death (as in dead tissue)
arrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm
sarcoidosis
inflammatory disease in which small nodules from in the lymph nodes
angina
chest pain caused by lack of adequate blood flow
infarction
heart attack
athersclerosis
collection of plaque in arteries
chemotherapy
treatment with drugs to kill cancer cells
ablation
destruction of abnormal heart tissue that causes arrhythmias
aneurysm
local widening of artery caused by weakness in wall
mononucleosis
acute infectious disease
stent
expandable slotted tube used to open up vessels
cardioversion
brief discharges of electricity to normalize heart rhythm (defibrillation)
edema
swelling
hypertension
high blood pressure
endarterectomy
surgical removal of inside an artery
lymphangiectasis
dilation of the lymph vessels
coronary
pertaining to the heart
phlebotomy
incision to the heart
angioplasty
surgical repair of blood vessels
lymphadenopathy
disease of the lymph nodes/glands
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
intravenous
pertaining to withing a vein
pericardium
membrane surrounding the heart
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
lymphadenectomy
surgical removal of the lymph nodes
thymoma
tumor of the thymus gland
lesions
(open) sores
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver
cholangiography
x-ray examination of the bile ducts
cholelithiasis
abnormal condition of gall stones
occult
hidden
diverticula
small pouches/sacs in the intestinal wall
anastomosis
surgical creation of an opening between 2 organs
asphyxia
deceased oxygen due to the absence of breathing
jaundice
yellowish coloration of the skin
sputum
coughed up mucus
coniosis
abnormal condition of dust
atelectasis
collapsed lung
stools
feces
hemoptysis
spitting up blood
pulmonary
pertaining to the lung
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchial tube
cyanosis
blue discoloration of the skin
oral
pertaining to the mouth
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
gastralgia
pain in the stomach
rectocele
hernia (protrusion) of the rectum into the vagina
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
tracheostomy
new opening of the windpipe to the outside of the body
nasal
pertaining to the nose
phrenic
pertaining to the diaphragm
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
proctoscopy
process of visually examining the anus and rectum
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
concussion
traumatic brain injury
gout
inflammation of the joints caused by exessive uric acid
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side (right or left) of the body
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by seizures
osteoporosis
decreased bone density
stroke
lack of blood supply to the brain
ankylosis
stiffening
syncope
fainting
prostheses
artificial parts
rhabdomyolosis
breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower portion of the body
arthrocentesis
puncture to remove fluid in the joint
myositis
inflammation fo the muscle
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
tenorrhaphy
suture of a tendon
costochondritis
inflammation of the rib cartilage
cerebellar
pertaining to the cerebellum
cerebral
pertaining to the cerebral
encephalopathy
disease of the brain
craniotomy
incision of the skull
intervertebral
pertaining to the vertebrae
pelvic
pertaining to the hip area
arthroscope
instrument used to visually examine a joint
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
myosarcoma
malignant tumor of the skeletal muscle
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
alopecia
baldness
tinnitus
ringing in the ears
acromegaly
enlargement of the extremeties
cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye
exophthalmos
eyeball protrusion
melanoma
malignant tumor of pigmented cells
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
nevus
mole
glaucoma
increased pressure at the front of the eye
purulent
puss-filled
hyperglycemia
elevated blood glucose levels
pilar
pertaining to hair
tympanoplasty
surgical repair of the eardrum
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
onycholysis
breaking down of the testes
myringotomy
surgical incision of the eardrum
hypophyseal
pertaining to the pituitary gland
thryoadenopathy
disease of the thyroid gland
aphakia
absence of the lens of the eye
otitis
inflammation of the ear
subungual
pertaining to under the nail
ophthalmal
pertaining to the eye
adrenalpathy
disease of the adrenal gland
