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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anal

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2
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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3
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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4
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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5
Q

col/o

A

colon

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6
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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7
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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8
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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9
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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10
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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11
Q

ile/o

A

intestines

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12
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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13
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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14
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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15
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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16
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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17
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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18
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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19
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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20
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of gallstones

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21
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of the liver cells

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22
Q

Colonic polyposis

A

condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon

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23
Q

Diverticulosis

A

abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs in the wall of the intestine (often the colon)

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24
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticula

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25
Q

Diverticulitits

A

inflammation and infection within diverticula

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26
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

a condition is which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus

27
Q

Hepatits

A

inflammation of the liver

28
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

inflammation of the terminal (last) portion of the ileum (Chrohn disease) or inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis)

29
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea

30
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)

A

cancer (primary) of the liver

31
Q

Jaundice

A

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia)

32
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

open sore (lesion) that develops in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer)

33
Q

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan

A

a series of cross-sectional x-ray images that show abdominal organs

34
Q

Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs in all three planes of the body

35
Q

Abdominal ultrasonography

A

process of beaming sound waves into upper abdomen to produce images of organs, such as the gallbladder

36
Q

Endoscopic ultrasonography

A

useful to detect enlarged lymph nodes and tumors in the upper abdomen

37
Q

Barium tests

A

x-ray examinations using a liquid barium mixture to locate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

38
Q

Barium enema (lower GI series)

A

barium is injected into the anus and rectum, and x=ray images are taken of the colon

39
Q

Barium swallow (upper GI series)

A

barium is taken in through the mouth, and x-ray images reveal the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

40
Q

Cholangiography

A

x-ray examination of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material through the liver (percutaneous trans hepatic cholangiography) or through a catheter (a flexible, tubular instrument) from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the bile ducts (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or ERPC)

41
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile ducts

42
Q

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope

43
Q

Hemoccult test

A

feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guaiac, which reacts with hidden (occult) blood

44
Q

Laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity through an endoscope inserted in the abdomen

45
Q

Liver function tests (LFTs)

A

measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood. Enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged (as in hepatitis). High bilirubin (blood pigment) levels indicate jaundice cause by liver disease or other problems affecting the liver.

46
Q

Liver enzymes

A

ALT, AST, alkaline phosphates (alk phos)

47
Q

Stool cultures

A

feces (stools) are places in a growth medium (culture) to test for microorganisms (such as bacteria).

48
Q

Anastomosis

A

surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs (gastrojejunostomy, cholecystojejunostomy, choledochoduodenostomy)

49
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

50
Q

Colostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body

51
Q

Ileostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

52
Q

Laparoscopis surgery

A

removal of organs or tissues via laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen through a small incision), (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy (both are types of minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery))

53
Q

ALT, AST

A

Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase

54
Q

BE

A

Barium enema

55
Q

ERCP

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

56
Q

GB

A

Gallbladder

57
Q

GERD

A

Gastrointestinal reflux disease

58
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

59
Q

HCC

A

Hepatacellular carcinoma

60
Q

IBD

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

61
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

62
Q

LFTs

A

Liver function tests

63
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth (Latin: nil per os)

64
Q

TPN

A

Total parenteral nutrition

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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