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A&P > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The body ability to maintain internal balance or constancy . Usually controlled by negative feedback.

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

A chemical substance capable of releasing a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water.

A

Acid

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3
Q

A chemical substance that can accept a hydrogen ion.

A

Base

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4
Q

Example of a strong acid

A

Stomach secretions , urine, gastric juice, saliva

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5
Q

What is carried by hemoglobin?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

Gas exchange takes place within these small sacs

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

What is the long tube in the digestive system?

A

Esophagus

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8
Q

The longest part of the digestive system is the

A

Small intestine

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9
Q

What hormone is in the posterior pituitary and affects the kidneys

A

ADH

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10
Q

Thickening of uterus is caused by what hormone

A

Estrogen

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11
Q

What is the largest vein?

A

Inferior vena cava

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12
Q

Type of digestive protein

A

Pepsin

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13
Q

The adrenel is composed of?

A

Cortisol

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14
Q

Another word for larynx

A

Voice box

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15
Q

Another word for pharynx

A

Throat

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16
Q

Blood flows away from the heart

A

Artery

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17
Q

What hormone stimulates ovaries to release estrogen and progesterone?

A

HCG ; Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

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18
Q

Oxytocin is produced in

A

Posterior pituitary

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19
Q

Stress hormone:

A

Cortisol

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20
Q

Receives blood

A

Atrium

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21
Q

Gives blood

A

Ventricles

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22
Q

Carries blood to the heart

A

Veins

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23
Q

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

A

Right side

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24
Q

Right atrium- Right ventricle-

A
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25
Q

Actin and myosin forms

A

Cross-bridges

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26
Q

Body in balanced internal state

A

Homeostasis

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27
Q

Involuntary =Automonomic

A
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28
Q

Relay information in the central nervous system ?

A

Interneuron

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29
Q

Beginning of stimulus to response

A

Receptors

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30
Q

Complete pathway in the nervous system

A

Reflex arc

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31
Q

How many cranial nerves?

A

12

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32
Q

Trace mineral= small current

A
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33
Q

Part that attaches to moving bone

A

Insertion

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34
Q

Layers of skin:

A

1.Epidermis 2. Dermis 3.Hypodermis/Subcutaneous

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35
Q

Strong acid

A

2

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36
Q

Weak base

A

8

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37
Q

Muscles to bone

A

Tendon

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38
Q

4 body tissues:

A

Epithelial, muscle, connective , nervous

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39
Q

Pigment color

A

Melanin

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40
Q

How many bones in the human body

A

206 Bones

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41
Q

Bone building

A

Osteoblast

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42
Q

Gonads

A

Ovaries & testes

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43
Q

What is the endocrine system function?

A

Secretion of chemicals

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44
Q

Kidney to bladder is connected by the

A

Urethers

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45
Q

Makes chemicals that are produced by target tissues

A

Hormones

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46
Q

Larynx consist of

A

Vocal cord/ glottis

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47
Q

Subaceous

A

Oil glands

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48
Q

Part of kidney filters

A

Nephron

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49
Q

The urinary bladder

A

Release and stores

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50
Q

The Voluntary skeletal muscle sphincter that controls the flow of urine

A

External urethra sphincter

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51
Q

Superior heart chambers :

A

Atria

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52
Q

The function of the Respiratory system?

A

Sound production, smell, gas exchange, and homeostasis

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53
Q

Trachea=

A

Windpipe

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54
Q

Tonsils =

A

Oral cavity/pharynx

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55
Q

Chemical -cells- tissue-organ- organ system- organism

A
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56
Q

The fluid contain within cells

A

Intercellular fluid

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57
Q

The fluid outside the cells

A

Extracellular fluid

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58
Q

Control center of cell

A

Nucleus

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59
Q

The basic unit of life

A

Cells

60
Q

Largest organelle near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

61
Q

Short hairlike projections that move fluids around the cell

A

Cilia

62
Q

Long whiplike extensions that move the cell

A

Flagellum

63
Q

Large organelles with internal folded membranes

A

Mitochondria

64
Q

movement of molecules from a area of high concentration to a area of low concentration

A

Diffusion

65
Q

Movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

Osmosis

66
Q

Passage of water and dissolved molecules through a membrane down a pressure gradient from an area of high pressure to low pressure

A

Filtration

67
Q

Type of cartilage that connect to the sternum

A

Hyaline

68
Q

Skeletal

A

Muscle to bone

69
Q

Lymphocytes

A

White blood cells

70
Q

Lymph nodes contain :

A

White blood cells, interstitial fluid, lymph fluid, & plasma

71
Q

Tonsils are located in the

A

Oral cavity

72
Q

Holds skin to underlying tissue and stores fat

A

Hypodermis

73
Q

Sudoriferous

A

Sweat glands

74
Q

Apocrine (Sweat gland)

A

Axillary and genital areas

75
Q

Eccrine( sweat gland)

A

Ducts lead to pores at the skins surface

76
Q

Determines skin color

A

Melanin

77
Q

Sebum darkens when exposed to oxygen

A

Blackheads

78
Q

Clogged with sebum but remains closed

A

Whiteheads

79
Q

An expandable sac

A

Bladder

80
Q

Involuntary smooth muscle sphincter

A

Internal sphincter

81
Q

Thin walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis

A

Urethra

82
Q

Propel live sperm into the urethra

A

Vas deferens

83
Q

Life substation reactions occurs in the body

A

Metabolism

84
Q

Regulates menstual

A

Estrogen and progesterone

85
Q

The left atrium receives

A

Oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins

86
Q

Blood flows through

A

Right atrium

87
Q

Blood flows through

A

Right atrium - Right ventricle-left atrium- left ventricle

88
Q

Septum located between the atria

A

Interatrial

89
Q

Main part of muscle

A

Belly

90
Q

Main respiratory muscle

A

Diaphragm

91
Q

Main impulse conducting cell

A

Neuron

92
Q

Voluntary control of movements

A

Somatic nervous system

93
Q

Produces primary amounts of movement

A

Agonist

94
Q

2 proteins that block muscle contraction

A

Tropmysin and troponin

95
Q

Main function of the cardiovascular system

A

Circulation

96
Q

Lymphatic system and nervous system work closely together

A
97
Q

Lower levels of sugar in the blood

A

Insulin

98
Q

Labor hormone

A

Oxytoxin

99
Q

2 main airways

A

Nose and mouth

100
Q

Air conditioning chambers

A

Nasal cavity

101
Q

Glands that contribute to semen

A

Bulb

102
Q

What is the Order of large intestine?

A

Ascending-Transverse-Descending

103
Q

All chemicals working together

A

Metabolism

104
Q

Center of abdomen

A

Umbilical

105
Q

Bunch of cells

A

Tissue

106
Q

True skin

A

Dermis

107
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Cardiac, smooth, skeletal

108
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

109
Q

Contains Bone marrow and cavity

A

Medullary cavity

110
Q

Where is the fetus located?

A

Uterus

111
Q

Gonads

A

Ovaries and testes

112
Q

Cells floating in _____ fluid?

A

Interstitial

113
Q

All things blood, serves as a reservoir

A

Spleen

114
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like movement of the muscles that line your gastrointestinal tract

115
Q

Lymph nodes are

A

Cleaned/ filtered

116
Q

Red bone marrow

A

All blood

117
Q

The shaft ; composed of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

118
Q

The ends of the bone; mostly spongy bone

A

Epiphysis

119
Q

Bones separated by cavity filled with synovial fluid

A

Synovial joint

120
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic

121
Q

Covers bone ends flexible support, reduces friction

A

Cartilage

122
Q

Joint types

A

Fibrous - no movement , Cartilaginous- slightly moveable, Synovial

123
Q

Collagen fibers prevents bone to bone contact

A

Fibrocartilage

124
Q

Produces several hormones

A

Anterior pituitary

125
Q

Produces hormones made by the hypothalamus

A

Posterior pituitary

126
Q

Bone to bone

A

Ligament

127
Q

Muscles contract or shorten pulling on tendons which pull on bones to accomplish movement at the joints

A
128
Q

Attachment to the immovable bone

A

Origin

129
Q

Attachment to the movable bone

A

Insertion

130
Q

Muscle that produces a particular movement “ prime mover”

A

Agonist

131
Q

Muscle that produces an opposite action

A

Antagonist

132
Q

Are attached to bones and produce movement at the joints

A

Skeletal muscle

133
Q

Wall of the heart, lightly striated and pumps blood out of the heart

A

Cardiac muscle ( involuntary)

134
Q

Wall of hollow organs and vessels

A

Smooth muscle

135
Q

Muscle contraction process

A
136
Q

Myofilaments are made up of what two proteins?

A

Actin and myosin

137
Q

Calcium shifts troponin and tropomyosin so that binding sites on actin are exposed

A
138
Q

Example of a Long bone

A

Femur

139
Q

Example of a flat bone

A

Sternum

140
Q

Example of a irregular bone

A

Sacrum, vertebrae

141
Q

Example of sesamoid bone

A

Patella

142
Q

Found at the end of long bones

A

Spongy bone

143
Q

Trap pathogens entering the throat

A

Tonsils

144
Q

What glands contribute to semen

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Bulbourethral gland

145
Q

Bone marrow and cavities

A

Red bone marrow

146
Q

What are the small intestine parts?

A

Duodenum, jejum, ileum

147
Q

What are the large intestine parts?

A

Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal

A&P (10 decks)

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