Final Exam Flashcards
The body ability to maintain internal balance or constancy . Usually controlled by negative feedback.
Homeostasis
A chemical substance capable of releasing a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water.
Acid
A chemical substance that can accept a hydrogen ion.
Base
Example of a strong acid
Stomach secretions , urine, gastric juice, saliva
What is carried by hemoglobin?
Oxygen
Gas exchange takes place within these small sacs
Alveoli
What is the long tube in the digestive system?
Esophagus
The longest part of the digestive system is the
Small intestine
What hormone is in the posterior pituitary and affects the kidneys
ADH
Thickening of uterus is caused by what hormone
Estrogen
What is the largest vein?
Inferior vena cava
Type of digestive protein
Pepsin
The adrenel is composed of?
Cortisol
Another word for larynx
Voice box
Another word for pharynx
Throat
Blood flows away from the heart
Artery
What hormone stimulates ovaries to release estrogen and progesterone?
HCG ; Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Oxytocin is produced in
Posterior pituitary
Stress hormone:
Cortisol
Receives blood
Atrium
Gives blood
Ventricles
Carries blood to the heart
Veins
Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?
Right side
Right atrium- Right ventricle-
Actin and myosin forms
Cross-bridges
Body in balanced internal state
Homeostasis
Involuntary =Automonomic
Relay information in the central nervous system ?
Interneuron
Beginning of stimulus to response
Receptors
Complete pathway in the nervous system
Reflex arc
How many cranial nerves?
12
Trace mineral= small current
Part that attaches to moving bone
Insertion
Layers of skin:
1.Epidermis 2. Dermis 3.Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
Strong acid
2
Weak base
8
Muscles to bone
Tendon
4 body tissues:
Epithelial, muscle, connective , nervous
Pigment color
Melanin
How many bones in the human body
206 Bones
Bone building
Osteoblast
Gonads
Ovaries & testes
What is the endocrine system function?
Secretion of chemicals
Kidney to bladder is connected by the
Urethers
Makes chemicals that are produced by target tissues
Hormones
Larynx consist of
Vocal cord/ glottis
Subaceous
Oil glands
Part of kidney filters
Nephron
The urinary bladder
Release and stores
The Voluntary skeletal muscle sphincter that controls the flow of urine
External urethra sphincter
Superior heart chambers :
Atria
The function of the Respiratory system?
Sound production, smell, gas exchange, and homeostasis
Trachea=
Windpipe
Tonsils =
Oral cavity/pharynx
Chemical -cells- tissue-organ- organ system- organism
The fluid contain within cells
Intercellular fluid
The fluid outside the cells
Extracellular fluid
Control center of cell
Nucleus
The basic unit of life
Cells
Largest organelle near the center of the cell
Nucleus
Short hairlike projections that move fluids around the cell
Cilia
Long whiplike extensions that move the cell
Flagellum
Large organelles with internal folded membranes
Mitochondria
movement of molecules from a area of high concentration to a area of low concentration
Diffusion
Movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis
Passage of water and dissolved molecules through a membrane down a pressure gradient from an area of high pressure to low pressure
Filtration
Type of cartilage that connect to the sternum
Hyaline
Skeletal
Muscle to bone
Lymphocytes
White blood cells
Lymph nodes contain :
White blood cells, interstitial fluid, lymph fluid, & plasma
Tonsils are located in the
Oral cavity
Holds skin to underlying tissue and stores fat
Hypodermis
Sudoriferous
Sweat glands
Apocrine (Sweat gland)
Axillary and genital areas
Eccrine( sweat gland)
Ducts lead to pores at the skins surface
Determines skin color
Melanin
Sebum darkens when exposed to oxygen
Blackheads
Clogged with sebum but remains closed
Whiteheads
An expandable sac
Bladder
Involuntary smooth muscle sphincter
Internal sphincter
Thin walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
Urethra
Propel live sperm into the urethra
Vas deferens
Life substation reactions occurs in the body
Metabolism
Regulates menstual
Estrogen and progesterone
The left atrium receives
Oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
Blood flows through
Right atrium
Blood flows through
Right atrium - Right ventricle-left atrium- left ventricle
Septum located between the atria
Interatrial
Main part of muscle
Belly
Main respiratory muscle
Diaphragm
Main impulse conducting cell
Neuron
Voluntary control of movements
Somatic nervous system
Produces primary amounts of movement
Agonist
2 proteins that block muscle contraction
Tropmysin and troponin
Main function of the cardiovascular system
Circulation
Lymphatic system and nervous system work closely together
Lower levels of sugar in the blood
Insulin
Labor hormone
Oxytoxin
2 main airways
Nose and mouth
Air conditioning chambers
Nasal cavity
Glands that contribute to semen
Bulb
What is the Order of large intestine?
Ascending-Transverse-Descending
All chemicals working together
Metabolism
Center of abdomen
Umbilical
Bunch of cells
Tissue
True skin
Dermis
3 types of muscle tissue
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Contains Bone marrow and cavity
Medullary cavity
Where is the fetus located?
Uterus
Gonads
Ovaries and testes
Cells floating in _____ fluid?
Interstitial
All things blood, serves as a reservoir
Spleen
Peristalsis
Wave like movement of the muscles that line your gastrointestinal tract
Lymph nodes are
Cleaned/ filtered
Red bone marrow
All blood
The shaft ; composed of compact bone
Diaphysis
The ends of the bone; mostly spongy bone
Epiphysis
Bones separated by cavity filled with synovial fluid
Synovial joint
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic
Covers bone ends flexible support, reduces friction
Cartilage
Joint types
Fibrous - no movement , Cartilaginous- slightly moveable, Synovial
Collagen fibers prevents bone to bone contact
Fibrocartilage
Produces several hormones
Anterior pituitary
Produces hormones made by the hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
Bone to bone
Ligament
Muscles contract or shorten pulling on tendons which pull on bones to accomplish movement at the joints
Attachment to the immovable bone
Origin
Attachment to the movable bone
Insertion
Muscle that produces a particular movement “ prime mover”
Agonist
Muscle that produces an opposite action
Antagonist
Are attached to bones and produce movement at the joints
Skeletal muscle
Wall of the heart, lightly striated and pumps blood out of the heart
Cardiac muscle ( involuntary)
Wall of hollow organs and vessels
Smooth muscle
Muscle contraction process
Myofilaments are made up of what two proteins?
Actin and myosin
Calcium shifts troponin and tropomyosin so that binding sites on actin are exposed
Example of a Long bone
Femur
Example of a flat bone
Sternum
Example of a irregular bone
Sacrum, vertebrae
Example of sesamoid bone
Patella
Found at the end of long bones
Spongy bone
Trap pathogens entering the throat
Tonsils
What glands contribute to semen
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Bulbourethral gland
Bone marrow and cavities
Red bone marrow
What are the small intestine parts?
Duodenum, jejum, ileum
What are the large intestine parts?
Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal
