Digestive System Flashcards
What are the three main functions of the digestive system?
Digestion, absorption, and Elimination
The inner most layer of the serous membrane in contact with abdominal organs
Visceral peritoneum
The outer layer of the serous membrane lining the adominopelvic cavity
Parietal peritoneum
The subdivision of the peritoneum that contains fat and hangs over the front of the intestines
Greater omentum
The subdivision of the peritoneum extending between the stomach and liver
Lesser omentum
The fan shaped portion of the peritoneum
Mesentery
The subdivision of the peritoneum that extends from the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesocolon
The digestive tract layer in contact with the intestinal continents
Mucosa
Visceral peritoneum attached to the surface of a digestive organ
Serosa
The layer of connective tissue beneath the mucous membrane in the wall of the digestive tract
Submuscosa
Rhythmic contractions of the circular muscle layer that Mixes food with digestive juices
Segmentation
Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation that pushes food along the G.I tract
Peristalsis
Voluntary process of taking food or drink into the body through the mouth
Ingestion
Moves food back-and-forth to mix it in the small and large intestines
Segmentation
When large food molecules are broken down into the building blocks by enzymes
Chemical digestion
When nutrients travel from the G.I. tract into the bloodstream in the small intestine
Absorption
The elimination of solid waste from the body is called
Defecation
In the mouth, mechanical digestion is accomplished by
Teeth and tongue
Salivary glands produce enzymes that begin
Chemical digestion
The hard palate is _____
Anterior to the soft palate
In mechanical digestion, food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth during chewing
Mastification
3 pairs of salivary glands
Parotid, Submandibular and Sublingual
The part of the oral cavity roof that extends to form the uvula
Soft palate
The act of swallowing
Deglutation
Saliva contains
Water, salivary amylase, mucus, and antibacterial
The final and longest section of the small intestine
ileum
Located at the terminal end just before duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
The stomach has a layer of
Oblique muscle in addition to the circular and longitudinal layer
Small pores in the stomach are called
Gastric pits
What enzyme breaks down proteins?
Pepsinogen
Activated pepsinogen and transforms it into pepsin
Hydrochloric
The body’s major digestive organ ; all nutrients is completed and almost all absorption occurs in the
Small intestine
The first portion of the small intestine
Duodenum
The largest internal organ and its primary digestive function is to produce bile
Liver
Bile is stored in the
Gallbladder
Bile breaks down fat droplets into smaller pieces in a process called
Emulsification
Four regions of the colon
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, Sigmoid colon
Fingerlike projection suspended from the cecum
Appendix
Final storage for feces
Sigmoid
Folds in the stomach that are absent if the stomach is full
Rugae
Folds in the intestinal mucosa that are always present
Villi
