Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
The system that processes sensory information.
Nervous system
The system that delivers nutrients to the body.
Cardiovascular
The system that breaks down and absorbs food.
Digestive system
The system that includes fingernails
Integumentary system
The system that includes the bladder
Urinary system
The system that includes the joints
Skeletal system
The system that delivers oxygen to the blood.
Respiratory system
The system that includes the tonsils
Lymphatic system
The maintenance of a consistent internal body state is known as:
Homeostasis
Different body parameters such as body temperature and blood glucose concentration are kept constant using:
Negative feedback
Measures the level of regulated variable
Sensor
In negative feedback process____Compares the input from component
Control center
I’m negative feedback the control center sends signals to a(n) ______.
Effector
In the control of blood glucose the ______ fulfills the roles of sensor and control center.
Pancreas
In the control of blood glucose the effector is
Body cells
In the control of blood glucose the signal that passes from the control center to the effector is
Insulin
Extracellular fluid includes ;
Lymph and blood, fluid between cells
Intercellular fluid includes:
Fluid inside cells
A term that indicates a location toward the front .
Anterior
A term that means farther from the origin of a part .
Distal
A directional term that means away from the midline (towards the side).
Lateral
A term that describes the position of the ankle in relation to the toes.
Proximal
A term that describes the position of the shoulder blades in relation to the collar bones:
Medial
A term describing one of four abdominal regions
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
A term describing a body cavity
Spinal cavity
A term describing one of nine abdominal regions
Epigastric
A directional term:
Superior
A positively charged particle inside the atomic nucleus.
Proton
The smallest complete unit of matter
Atom
An uncharged particle inside the atomic nucleus:
Neutron
A substance composed of one type of atom .
Element
The part of the atom containing protons and neutrons:
Nucleus
A negatively charged particle outside the atomic nucleus :
Electron
Negatively charged ions
Anions
A bond formed by the equal sharing of electrons between two atoms
Nonpolar covalent
Compounds that form ions when in solution :
Electrolytes
Positively charged ions
Cations
A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another :
Ionic
A bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms:
Polar covalent
The substance in which another substance is dissolved
Solution
A substance that is dissolved in another substance
Solvent
A mixture in which substances will settle out unless the mixture is shaken;
Suspension
Termed used to describe solution mostly formed of water
Aqueous
Cytosol and blood plasma are examples of this type of suspension
Colloid
Any combination of two or more substances in which each constitute maintains its identity :
Mixture
Any substance that can release a hydrogen ion is called a(n):
Acid
Any substance that can accept a hydrogen ion is called a(n)
Base
a reaction between a hydrogen-accepting substance and a hydrogen-releasing a substance produces a(n)
Salt
Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Ph
A solution with a large concentration of hydrogen ions will have a(n)
High pH
A solution with a large concentration of hydroxide ions will have a
Low pH
A substance that helps maintain a stable hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is called a(n)
Buffer
Building block always containing nitrogen.
Amino acid
The nutrient formed by amino acids :
Protein
A lipid containing a ring of carbon atoms ;
Steroid
A lipid that contains phosphorus in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;
Phospholipid
A category of organic compounds that includes simple sugars and starches;
Carbohydrate
The element found in all organic compounds:
Carbon
A building block for complex carbohydrates ;
Disaccharide
Life-sustaining reactions that occur within the body.
Metabolism
The reactions involved in _____assemble simple components into more complex ones.
Anabolism
The reactions of ________break down substances into simpler components.
Catabolism
A structure that assembles ribosomes;
Nucleolus
A structure that assembles amino acids into proteins:
Ribosome
A set of membranes involved in packaging proteins for export:
Golgi apparatus
A small saclike structure used to transport substances within the cel
Cilia
A membranous organelle that generated ATP;
Mitochondrion
A small saclike structure that degrades waste products:
Lysosome
The site of DNA storage:
Nucleus
Filtration
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane:
Osmosis
The movement of solute down its concentration gradient:
Diffusion
The process by which a cell takes in large particles:
Endocytosis
The process by which materials are expelled from the cell using vesicles:
Exocytosis
Small fluid droplets are brought into the cell using this method:
Pinocytosis
The process by which one cell divided into two identical daughter cells:
Mitosis
The nuclear membrane reforms during this phase:
Telophase
A spindle begins to form and chromosomes condense during this phase:
Prophase
The phase of mitosis when chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell:
Metaphase
DNA synthesis occurs during this phase:
Interphase
The chromosomes separate in this phase:
Anaphase
The thigh muscle is voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
Tissue that formed when cartilage gradually becomes impregnated with calcium salts :
Bone
The thick , muscular layer of the heat wall:
Myocardium
A type of tissue found in membrane and glands:
Epithelial tissue
Also known as visceral muscle:
Smooth muscle
A cell that Carrie’s nerve impulses is called (a)
Neuron
A tissue in which cells are separated by large amounts of acellular material called a matrix:
Connective tissue
- Skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Smooth muscle
A gland that secretes into the blood :
Endocrine (EN)
A gland that secretes through ducts:
Exocrine (EX)
A gland that secretes onto body surface :
Exocrine (EX)
Type of Endocrine gland:
Pituitary gland
Type of Exocrine gland:
Salivary glands
A cord of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone:
Tendon
A tough membranous connective tissue that encloses an organ:
Capsule
The cartilage found between the bones of the spine:
Fibrocartilage
A fiber found in most connective tissues:
Collagen
A cell that synthesizes cartilage:
Chondrocyte
A strong gristly cartilage that reinforces the trachea:
Hyaline cartilage
