Blood and Cardiovascular Flashcards
Metallic, salty taste ,with 7.35-7.45 ph
Blood
Venous blood is slightly darker due to
Low oxygen content
What are 4 components of blood:
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets & Plasma
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Thrombocytes
Platelets
What are the different types of Leukocytes?
Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophil, Basophil, Neutrophil
Conclaves shaped, increased surface area to carry oxygen
Erythrocytes
The ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume is the
Hematocrit
Makes up 55% of blood volume
Plasma
The most abundant plasma protein
Albumin
Responsible for blood clotting
Platelets
Red blood cells carry
Oxygen and CO2
The most numerous cells
Red blood cells
The largest blood cells
White blood cells
Live 100-120 days
Erythrocytes
Iron bearing protein that carries oxygen and gives blood it’s red color
Hemoglobin
Defend the body against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumor cells
Leukocytes
A collection of dead leukocytes at the site of an infection.
Pus
Cell fragments that are necessary for blood clotting process
Platelets
A blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow; mostly in the vertebrae and pelvis
Hematpoiesis
Stem cells that develop into blood cells
Hemocytoblast
What are the three stages of hemostasis?
1.Vascular spasms, 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Coagulation events
A complex series of reactions that eventually covert a soluble protein called fibrinogen into a insoluble fiber called fibrin.
Coagulation
Most common blood type
Type O
Least common blood type
AB
Universal blood receiver
AB+
Universal blood donor
O-
3 main components of the cardiovascular system:
Heart, Blood vessels, Blood
Heart pumps blood through
Vessels
Superior end of the heart that points towards the right shoulder
Base
Inferior end of the heart that points toward the left hip and rest on the diaphragm
Apex
Serous membrane that surrounded by the heart
Pericardium or pericardial sac
3 layers of heart of the heart wall
Epicardium or Visceral pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Two upper chambers that receive blood
Atria
Two lower chambers that discharge blood
Ventricles
Septum located between the ventricles
Interventricular septum
The atrioventricular valves include
Right AV ( Tricupsid ) and Left AV (Semilunar)
Systemic pump is on which side of the heart?
Left
The Pulmonary circuit is on which side?
Right
The right side of the heart:
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to pick up O2.
The left side of the heart:
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body to reliever O2
Heart activity is regulated by:
The nervous system and intrinsic conduction system
Also called the SA nose and pacemaker
Sinoatrial node
Means contraction
Systole
Means relaxation
Diastole
3 type of electrocardiograph waves produced
P, QRS, T
What may indicate heart problems?
Abnormal shapes of the waves and irregular timing
Average heart rate is
70bpm
The amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart (each ventricle) in one minute
Cardiac output
3 layers of artery wall
Tunica extension, tunica media, tunica intima
Larger veins have___ to prevent back flow
Valves
Connect arteries and venues
Capillaries
A compete circle of connecting blood vessels
Circle of Willis
Blood from the digestive system, spleen, and pancreas is carried to the liver by the
Hepatic Portal vein
3 main causes of high blood pressure
Smoking , obesity, lack of exercise
Pressure of blood pushing against the inner walls of blood vessels
Blood pressure
The movement of fluids at capillaries are determined by
Blood pressure and osmosis
Common congenital heart defects
Patent foramen ovale, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus, tetralogy of fallot
Effects of aging on the cardiovascular system
Venous valves weaken, atherosclerosis progresses and can lead to stroke or heart attach, loss of elasticity in vessels, heart valves stiffen
Aggregation or affiliation of blood due to transfusing incompatible blood leads to ?
Clogging of small blood vessels and destruction of erythrocytes
Visceral
Touches heart directly
Parietal
Anchors heart
Fights off bacteria, viruses and fungi
Monocyte
Targets large parasites and regulated allergic inflammatory response
Eosinophils
Targets bacteria and fungi
Neutrophil
Releases histamines for inflammatory response
Basophil
Make antibodies attack viruses and cancer cells
Lymphocyte
What are three functions of blood?
Transportation, Protection and Regulation
Stem cell that can develop into all types of blood cells
Hematopoietic stem cell
The procedure for removing plasma and returning formed elements to the donor
Plasmapheresis
Blood donated by and individual for use by the same individual
Autologous
These blood antigens are lacking in individual with O- positive blood
AB antigens
The blood antigen involved in hemolytic disease of the newborn , which results from a incompatibility between a mother and fetus
Rh factor
