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Periodontology 1 > Final; Efficacy of Diagnostic Techniques for Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Final; Efficacy of Diagnostic Techniques for Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Periodontal disease is currently diagnosed almost entirely on the basis of what

A

its clinical manifestations; gingival inflammation, periodontal probing, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, radiographs for bone loss

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2
Q

What are the two traditionally used diagnostic procedures for diagnosing periodontal disease

A

periodontal examination and radiographs

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3
Q

What three tests are not routinely used in clinical practice

A

microbiologic testing
assessment of the host response
genetic analysis

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4
Q

What are some limitations of probe penetration

A

lack of sensitivity and reproducibility

probing depth; inflammation, technique, subgingival calculus

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5
Q

What are some limitations of diagnosing CAL

A

poor reliability and reproducibility

limited practical value

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6
Q

What are some limitations of radiographic examinations

A

limited sensitivity in small bone change; can only be identified by eye after 30% to 50% of the bone mineral has been lost
no value in evaluating disease activity or progression

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of ultrasonic periodontal probing

A

it uses a hollow tapered tip that is filled with water for coupling of the ultrasonic beam into the tissues (non-invasive)

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8
Q

This has been introduced for the detection of periodontal defects in in-vitro settings, especially for bony defects, periodontal cysts, furcation defects, and thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa

A

CBCT

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9
Q

This quality of a diagnostic test refers to the probability of the test being positive when the disease is truly present

A

sensitivity

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10
Q

This quality of a diagnostic test refers to the probability of the test being negative when the disease is not present

A

specificity

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11
Q

This type of microbiologic testing is the “gold standard” method which assess for antibiotic susceptibility of microbes but has low sensitivity

A

bacterial culturing

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12
Q

This type of microbiologic testing depicts the morphology and motility of bacteria in a plaque sample

A

direct microscopy

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13
Q

This type of microbiologic testing uses Abs that target specific bacterial Ag, flow cytomerty, ELISA, and latex agglutination

A

immunodiagnositc methods

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14
Q

This type of microbiologic testing identifies common tyrpsin-like enzymes that hydrolyze BANA in periodontal pathogens

A

enzymatic methods

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15
Q

This type of microbiologic testing analyzes DNA, RNA, and structure and function or proteins from target microorganisms

A

molecular biology techniques

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16
Q

What are five sources of a sample used to asses the host response

A 
saliva
GCF (most commonly used)
blood serum
blood cells
urine
17
Q

How would you collect GCF

A

paper strips are placed within the crevice for 30 seconds - No blood on strip

18
Q

What three things can be found within the GCF

A
  • host-derived enzymes and their inhibitors
  • byproducts of tissue breakdown
  • inflammatory mediators and host-response modifiers
19
Q

These are possible markers of active periodontal destruction, released from dead or dying PMNs

A

intracellular destruction enzymes

20
Q

What are four examples of intracellular destruction enzymes

A
  • aspartate amino-transferase
  • alkaline phosphatase
  • beta-glucuronidase
  • elastase
21
Q

These are associated with the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), produced by inflammatory, epithelial, and connective tissue cells

A

extracellular destruction enzymes

22
Q

The ECM of the periodontium is composed of what

A

collagen, proteoglycans, and non-collagen proteins

23
Q

Elevated levels of what three things can be found in the GCF from sites with periodontitis

A
  • hydroxyproline (collagen breakdown)
  • glycosaminoglyans (from matrix degradation)
  • osteocalcin and type I collagen (from alveolar bone destruction)
24
Q

Why test saliva for periodontal disease

A

its abundant, easy to collect, and store

high enriched content of disease biomarkers

25
Q

What two tests can be done via saliva testing

A
  • type and concentration of specific periodontal pathogens

- genetic susceptibility based upon over-expression of IL-1 a

26
Q

Whats the main issue with salivary diagnostic testing

A

not being able to specifically predict periods of disease activity

27
Q

What are the inflammatory mediators from GCF (Cytokines):

A 
TNFa
IL-1a
IL-1b
IL-6
IL-8
PGE2
28
Q

There are two optical spectroscopy techniques, what are they?

A
  • Infrared spectroscopy

- Near infrared spectroscopy

29
Q

How does IR spectroscopy work?

A

Absorbing a wavelength that is characteristics of a certain covalent bond. Each bond has a certain wavelength

30
Q

How does NIR spectroscopy work?

A

Measures the oxygen saturation of tissues

- Low O = periodontitis

Periodontology 1 (29 decks)

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