Exam 2; Periodontal Indices Flashcards
What two things aid in identification of disease
assessment of inflammation and loss of periodontal tissue support
What three things can be combined with initial treatment
recall
periodontal maintenance
referral to periodontist
What is the purpose of the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)
to assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surface covered with debris and/or calculus
What are the two components of the OHI-S
simplified debris index
simplified calculus index
What are some difficult tooth selection areas
facials of 3, 8, 14, 24
linguals of 19 and 30
What are the scores of the OHI
0 = excellent
- 1-1.2 = good
- 3-3.0 = fair
- 1-6.0 = poor
This assess the amount of plaque at the gingival margin, examining the same anatomical units as the GI
plaque index
What is the range of plaque scores
0-3
What is the plaque score of visible plaque
2 or 3
What does a plaque score of 0 and 1 mean
0 = no visible plaque 1 = spots of plaque at the cervical margin
What does a plaque score of 2 and 3 mean
2 = thin, continuous band of plaque ≤1 mm wide 3 = plaque band > 1mm but <1/3 of crown height
What does a plaque score of 4 or 5 mean
4 = plaque covering ≥ 1/3 but < 2/3 crown height 5 = plaque covering ≥ 2/3 crown height
This plaque index is biased toward the gingival third and is the most frequently used plaque index in clinical trails; uses a disclosing agent
Quigley-Hein
What are the three NIDR calculus indices
0 = calculus is absent 1 = supraginiva calculus, but no sub gingival 2 = supra and sub gingival calculus or subgingival is only present
This index determines the quantity of supra gingival calculus; linguals of lower anteriors and is the most frequently used caucus index in longitudinal studies
Volpe-Manhold Index
How is the quantity of the Volpe-Manhold Index determined
in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and the central lines drawn over the lingual surface of each tooth
This index is when the facial surface is divided in 3 scoring units; gingival units affected with gingivitis are counted, presence or absence of inflammation is counted as 1 or 0; severity is considered
papillary-marginal-attachment index
What is the gingival index
the severity of inflammation is assessed in 4 distinct gingival areas
What are the four distinct gingival areas of the GI
distofacial papilla
facial margin
mesiofacial papilla
lingual gingival margin
How do you score the GI
0-3
bleeding is considered and is automatically 2 or more
What is the GI useful for
the calculation of prevalence and severity in population and individual
What are the 1 and 2 GI indices
slight change in color
little changes in texture
What are the 3 and 4 gingival indices
3 = moderation inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, a/o hypertrophy 4 = severe inflammation; marked redness, edema, a/0 hypertrophy, bleeding, congestion, or ulceration
This is a valid indicator for periodontal stability, but a poor indicator of periodontal breakdown
bleeding on probing
How would you properly measure bleeding on probing
probe is inserted to the bottom on the periodontal pocket. bleeding is observed 15 seconds following retraction of the probe; scored a 1 or 0
In the extent and severity index (ESI) what is the agreement, extent, and severity defined as
agreement = disease is defined at attachment loss >1mm extent = proportion of tooth sites in patient showing signs of destructive periodontitis severity = amount of attachment loss at diseased site expressed as a mean value
How would you score the periodontal index system
1-2 = gingivitis 6 = gingivitis with pocket formation 8 = advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function
How would you score the periodontal disease index system
1, 2, 3 = severity of gingivitis
4 = initial attachment loss
5 = moderate attachement loss (>3mm)
6 = advanced attachment loss (>6mm)
This was primarily designed to assess periodontal treatment needs in underserved parts of the world; 10 index teeth are examined and worst finding is recorded per sextant
community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN)
What is the purpose of periodontal screening and recording (PSR)
PSR is a rapid and effective way to screen patients for periodontal diseases and summarized necessary information with minimum documentation
How do you score the PSR
How deep is the pocket probing depth (can you see colored area or not) 1-4
calculus +/-
defective margins +/-
BOP +/-
What are 5 benefits of PSR
early detection speed simplicity cost-effective recording ease risk management
What are three limitations of PSR
it only detects periodontal disease, does not replace treatment
patients who have been treated before require periodic comprehensive exams
designed for adults use, not children or adolescents with mixed dentition
This feature of gingival indices measures a condition in the same subject repeatedly and obtains the same score results each time
reliability
This feature of diagnostic testing uses sensitivity and specificity of various diagnostic tools to create an index
validity
This potential problem is when the examiner’s general impression of target distorts his/her perception of the target on specific dimensions
halo effect
This potential problem is the examiners tendency to be lenient or severe
leniency/severity error
This potential problem is the examiners reluctance to rate at all either the positive or negative extreme, so all scores cluster in the middle
central tendency error
This is the probability that a test result will be positive when the test is administered to people who actually have the disease in question
sensitivity
This is the probability that a test will be negative when administered to people who are free of disease in question
specificity
This is the probability of disease in a subject with a positive test result
predictive value positive
This is the probability of not having the disease when the test is negative
predictive value negative
