Final: Digestion and nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Define heterotrophic.

A

Depend on already synthesized organic compound of plants and other animals to obtain the materials needed for growth, maintenance and reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is one of the most potent driving forces in animal evolution?

A

Food procurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What has placed a high priority on adaptation for exploiting new sources of food?

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 primary means of feeding?

A
  1. feeding on particulate matter
  2. feeding on food masses
  3. feeding on fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define saprophagous feeding.

A

Feeding on decaying organic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another way to describe feeding on particulate matter?

A

Suspension feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe feeding on particulate matter.

A
  • use ciliated surfaces
  • cilia produce currents of water to pull suspended particle toward gut opening
  • entrap food in mucous sheet
  • mucous and food is pulled into mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of organims are suspension feeders?

A

Invertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of eating is filter feeding considered?

A

Suspension eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List some examples of structures that have evolves for filter feeding.

A
  • feather like stuctures
  • gills of bivalve and chordates
  • beaks of birds (flamingo)
  • baleen of whales
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the teeth in particulate matter feeders.

A

Dermis containing dental papilla originating from neural crest cells, also contain odontoblasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an ondontoblast?

A

A specialized cell that secrets dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What determines the adaptation for mass food consumption feeders?

A

Their primary food source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List some examples of possible adaptations for feeding on food masses.

A
  • capture
  • holding
  • swallowing
  • digesting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two tooth appearance types?

A

Homodont and heterodont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is homodont and provide an example.

A

Uniform teeth, ex. fish

17
Q

What is heterodont and provide an example.

A

Differing teeth, ex. tetrapods and humans

18
Q

Where does teeth development take place?

A

The epidermis and dermis.

19
Q

What tooth structures come from the epidermis?

A
  • enamel organ
  • ameloblasts
20
Q

What are ameloblasts?

A

Specialized cells that secrete hard enamel

21
Q

What is polyphyodont and provide an example.

A

Teeth are continuously replaced.
- ex. most vertebrates (sharks)

22
Q

What is diphyodont and provide an example.

A

Only two sets of teeth, baby and adult.
- ex. mammals

23
Q

What is the main function of teeth?

A

Mechanical digestion

24
Q

What are the different kind of teeth?

A
  • incisors
  • canines
  • premolars and molars
25
Incisors function.
biting, cutting, and stripping
26
Canines function.
Piercing, holding, and tearing
27
Premolar and molar function.
Grinding and crushing
28
What is the most diffucult food to digest?
Plant matter
29
What is needed for chemical digestion of cellulose?
Cellulase
30
What do herbivores depend on to be ablet o consume plant matter?
icrobial digestion of cellulose into fatty acids and sugar
31
What causes modified teeth throughout the animal kingdom?
Specialized food habits
32
Decribe tendancies of herbovore teeth.
- teeth are flattened - have enamel ridges for improved grinding - teeth continuously grow as they wear