E3: Reptilia Flashcards

1
Q

How many species of Reptilia?

A

7000 species

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2
Q

What is the limiting factor to reptile habitat?

A

Temperature

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3
Q

How many chambers in the heart fo reptilia have?

A

3.5 to 4 chambers
- 2 atria (right and left)
- incomplete ventricular septum or 2 seperate ventricles

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4
Q

What were reptiles the first tetrapods to do?

A

Break their ties with water (reproduction wise)

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5
Q

What kind of egg do reptiles lay?

A

Cleidoic egg - a completely closed egg that contains everything that the developing embryo needs.

Contains an amnion - protective membrane that houses the fetus

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6
Q

Why do reptiles have a secondary palate? What is the significance?

A
  • separate airflow from mouth
  • allows organism to eat food and breath at the same time.
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7
Q

Define neopallium

A
  • Outer layer of brain that forms the cerebral cortex in higher amniotes
  • The cerebral cortex is responsible to thoughts, memory, and experiances.
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8
Q

What kind of “kidney” do reptiles have?

A

Metanephros - remove toxic wate without losing water. Not primitive, but not advanced.

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9
Q

Define cloaca

A

Common sewer

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10
Q

Cloaca function in reptiles

A

Waste and gametes are extreted (from the same opening)

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11
Q

What two things do the egg not provide for the fetus and what conditions do they need to survive?

A
  • gas, need access to oxygen
  • water, need humidity to allow diffusion of oxygen (not too wet)
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12
Q

What are the disadvanges to reptiles with incomplete ventricular septums?

A
  • mixing of oxygenatied /deoxygenated blood
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13
Q

Why are reptiles able to survive with an incomplete ventricular septum?

A

They are ectothermic, so they do not need as much oxygen. Even with the IVS, they recieve adequate oxygen.

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14
Q

What are the orders of class reptilia?

A
  • Crocodila (crocs and alligators)
  • Chelonia (turtles, tortoises)
  • Squamata (lizards, snakes)
  • Sphenodontia (Tuatara)
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15
Q

What are the epidermal scales made of?

A

Keratin (shedding)

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16
Q

What organ do reptiles use for smell?

A

Vomernasal organ (VNO) = Jacobsons Organ for smell

17
Q

What is Euviviparity?

A

Viviparity - produce living young (some reptiles do this)

18
Q

Pit Organs function

A

Infrared heat detection

19
Q

Define Proteolytic venom.

A

Digestive enzymes that break down protein

20
Q

Define Neurotoxic venom.

A

Damages the brain or nervous system.

21
Q

Hemipenes

A