E3: Mammals Flashcards
What is hair composed of?
Keratin
What two hormones do mammary glands produce?
- prolactin
- Oxytocin
Where is prolactin produced?
Anterior pituitary gland
What does prolactin do?
Similates milk production
Where is oxytocin produced?
Posterior pituitary gland
What does oxytocin do?
- contracting of smooth muscle forcing milk toward nipple
Suckling by young stimulates what hormone to be released?
Oxytocin
How many chambers in the heart do mammals have?
4 chambers
Endothermic or ectothermic?
Endothermic: Homeotherms
What does milk contain?
Sugar, proteins, fat, and antibodies
What side of heart goes to the body?
Systemic (left side of heart)
What side of the heart is thicker in myocardium?
The left side, bc it needs more pressure to push blood through body
What side of the heart goes to the lungs?
Pulminary (right side)
What does heterodont mean?
Teeth are not uniform
What types of teeth do mammals have?
- incisors (cutting)
- canines (tearing)
- premolars (crush)
- molars (crush)
What is significant about the digestive tract in mammals?
It is very long compared to body size
What kind of diet lead to the longest digestive tract?
Herbivore (ruminant even longer)
What breaks down cellulose?
Cellulase enzymes produced by protezoa in ruminants
What diet has a larger cecum?
Herbivore
What are the two subclasses?
- Prototheria (monotremes)
- Theria (viviparous)
What is included in subclass prototheria?
Egg-laying mammals
What are the two infraclasses of subclass theria?
- metatheria
- eutheria
What are part of infraclass metatheria?
Marsupial mammals
What are part of infraclass eutheria?
Placental mammals
What kind of epidermal hairs do mammals have?
- guard hairs
- vibrissae
What do guard hairs do?
- Protect undercoat (fights)
- make them look larger
What do vibrissae do?
Tactile receptors
Before the baby is born and it is not oxygenating its own blood, what does the right side of the heart do?
Blood that is meant to go in the lungs go into the aeorta to allow it to be used (ductis arteriosus) so it is ready when the baby is born
What do nocturnal animals have to help with night vision?
Tepetum lucidum (reflective layer)
What is the moveable part of the external ear called?
Pinnae
What two types of ovulation are there?
- Spontaneous ovulation
- induced ovulation
How does spontaneous ovulation work?
Released due to hormone fluctuation (most, includes us)
How does induced ovulation work?
Released by physical stimulation of reproduction
