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Biology > FINAL ch. 9 > Flashcards

FINAL ch. 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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2
Q

gene

A

inheritable factors

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3
Q

Genotype

A

entire set of genes in an organism, genetic makeup of an organism

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4
Q

Phenotype

A

visible characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment

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5
Q

Mendel’s experiment and laws

A

Conducted experiment with garden peas plant. Studied characteristics and traits. Studied 7 characteristics of pea plant. Studied outcomes of pure breeding and cross breeding. Cross fertilization is called a Genetic cross

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6
Q

Dominant trait?

A

trait that appears to hide or mask other traits

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7
Q

Recessive trait?

A

traits that can be hidden in one generation and appear in another

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8
Q

What are alleles?

A

alternate versions of genes

organisms inherit two alleles for each trait

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9
Q

Do a Punnett square

A

.

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10
Q

What are autosomes and sex chromosomes?

A

AUTOSOMES: first 22 homologous pairs of human that do not influence the sex of an individual.
SEX CHROMOSOMES: the 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.

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11
Q

Examples of genetic disorders

A

Recessive disorders: cystic fibrosis, albinism, sickle cell disease.

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12
Q

Define genetics

A

study of genes

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13
Q

Mendel’s first law

A

An organism with alternate form of a gene will express the form that is dominant.

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14
Q

Mendel’s second law: Law of segregation

A

gene can exist in more than one form. “A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because the allele pairs segregate (separate) during gamete formation and unite randomly during fertilization “

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15
Q

HOMOZYGOUS

A

two identical alleles

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16
Q

HETEROZYGOUS

A

two different alleles

17
Q

Mendel’s third law: Law of independent assortment

A

• Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation.
• Inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another.
Used dihybrid corss

18
Q

Mono-hybrid cross

A

follows one trait

19
Q

dihybrid cross

A

follows two traits

Biology (13 decks)

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