FINAL ch. 10 Flashcards
•DNA structure – bases, sugar and phosphate group.
• DNA are polymers of monomers called nucleotides.
(Polynucleotide). • Nucleotide consists of
– A nitrogenous base (purines and pyrimidines). – Deoxyribose sugar – Phosphate group
• Purines – Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) • Pyimidines – Thymine,(T) and Cytosine (C) • DNA has a sugar – phosphate backbone. • A nitrogenous base is covalently linked to the sugar.
What are purines and pyrimidines
Purines: Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
Pyrimidines : Thymine,(T) and Cytosine (C)
Base pairing rule.
ATGC (dna) AUGC (rna)
DNA replication – enzyme involved and resulting DNA molecules.
.
RNA structure.
Ribonucleic acid. • Contains ribose sugar. • Contains Uracil instead of Thymine. • A - U and G – C base pairing • Single stranded
Differences between RNA and DNA
DNA: has the sugar deoxyribose. Has the base thymine(T). Is double stranded. Forms a double helix.
RNA: Has the sugar ribose. Has the base Uracil(U). Usually single stranded. Does not form a double helix.
What is genetic code ?
Determines how the base sequence of DNA/ RNA gets converted into amino acid sequence of proteins.
What is transcription and translation ?
Transcript: Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
Translation: Decoding the information carried by mRNA and using it for the synthesis of proteins.
What
are codons
Information carried by RNA read by Ribosomes in triplets of
bases
Types of RNA.
Messanger RNA. Ribosomal RNA. Transfer RNA.
Definition of mutation.
a change in the base sequence of DNA.
changes in the genotype
Examples of mutagens
Chemicals: Nitrous acid. Converts Adenine to a form
that does not pair with Thymine.
Radiation: X rays, gamma rays, UV rays- cause thymine dimers that damage
DNA.
Messanger RNA
carries coded instruction for protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA
part of ribosomes
Transfer RNA
carries specific amino acids to ribosomes during protein assembly
