Ch.9

Question 0

Inheritance

Answer 0

How traits or characteristics are passed on from each generation

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Study of genes

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Are made up of genes, which are made up of DNA

Question 3

Genetic material

Answer 3

Genes, chromosomes, DNA- is found in the nucleus of the cell

Question 4

Gregor Mendel

Answer 4

Father of genetics

Question 5

Heredity

Answer 5

Transmission of genetically controlled characteristics

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

The basic unit capable of transmitting characteristics from one generation to the next

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

Visible characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction between its genetic makeup and environment

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

When we have two capital or two lowercase letters in the genotype ( TT or tt)

(Homo means same)

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

When the genotype has one capital letter and one lower letter (Tt)

(Hetero means other)

Can also be called as a hybrid

Question 11

Alleles

Answer 11

Alternating forms of the same gene. Alleles for a trait are located at corresponding position on homologous chromosomes.

(Alternative version of a gene)

Basically the letters are the Alleles

Question 12

Dominant trait

Answer 12

Traits that appear to mask or hide other traits

Question 13

Recessive trait

Answer 13

Traits that can be hidden in one generation and appear in the other

Question 14

Mendel’s first law

Answer 14

An organism with alternate form of a gene will express the form that is dominant.

Question 15

Pure breeding

Answer 15

.

Question 16

Cross breeding

Answer 16

.

Question 17

Genetic cross

Answer 17

Cross fertilization

Question 18

Law of segregation

Answer 18

A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because the allele pairs segregate (separate) during gamete formation and unite randomly during fertilization

Question 19

Monohybrid cross follows

Answer 19

1 trait

Question 20

Dihybrid cross follows

Answer 20

2 traits

Question 21

The law of independent assortment

Answer 21

States that each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation
(Inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another)

Question 22

Recessive disorder

Answer 22

Both parents are carriers (carried in the autosomes)

I.e. Albinism, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease

Question 23

Dominant gene disorders

Answer 23

Dominant allele gets expressed

I.e. Hunting tons disease, achondroplasia

Only one parent needs to carry (carried in autosomes)

Question 24

Autosomes

Answer 24

The first 22 homologous pairs of human chromosomes that do not influence the sex of an individual

Question 25

Sex chromosomes

Answer 25

The 23rd pair (last pair) that determines the sex of an individual

Question 26

Karyotype

Answer 26

Printing of certain human chromosomes from an individual (like fingerprinting for chromosomes)

Question 27

Antibodies

Answer 27

a protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.